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>> Valid 112-57 Exam Question <<
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NEW QUESTION # 20
Jack, a forensic investigator, was appointed to investigate a Windows-based security incident. In this process, he employed an Autopsy tool to recover the deleted files from unallocated space, which helps in gathering potential evidence.
Which of the following functions of Autopsy helped Jack recover the deleted files?
Answer: B
Explanation:
When a file is deleted on common file systems, the operating system typically removes the directory reference and marks the previously used clusters/blocks asunallocated, but the underlying file content may remain on disk until it is overwritten. Digital forensics procedures emphasize that recovering such deleted content often requires examining unallocated space rather than relying only on file system metadata.Autopsy's "Data Carving"function is specifically intended for this purpose: it scans unallocated space (and sometimes slack space) forfile signatures(headers/footers and internal structure patterns) and reconstructs recoverable files even when the original filename, path, or metadata is missing.
This directly matches the scenario: Jack recovered deleted files fromunallocated space, which is the classic use case for carving. The other options in Autopsy support different investigative goals.Timeline analysiscorrelates timestamps from multiple artifacts to reconstruct sequences of activity, but it does not itself reconstruct deleted file content from raw disk areas.Web artifactsfocuses on browser history, downloads, cookies, and related traces.Multimediahelps categorize and analyze media files (e.g., images/videos), but it is not the primary mechanism for recovering deleted data from unallocated space. Therefore, the Autopsy function that enabled the recovery described isData carving (D)
NEW QUESTION # 21
Cheryl, a forensic expert, was recruited to investigate a malicious activity performed by an anonymous hackers' group on an organization's systems. Using an automated tool, Cheryl was able to extract the malware file and analyze the assembly code instructions, which helped him understand the malware's purpose.
Which of the following tools helped Cheryl extract and analyze the assembly code of the malware?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To understand a malware sample's purpose at the instruction level, investigators usereverse-engineering toolsthat candisassemblecompiled binaries intoassembly codeand often allowinteractive debuggingto observe runtime behavior (API calls, unpacking routines, decryption loops, process injection, and control-flow decisions).OllyDbgis a classic Windows user-mode debugger widely referenced in malware analysis workflows because it provides an integrated view ofdisassembly, CPU registers, memory, breakpoints, and execution tracing. This makes it suitable for extracting behavioral insight from the actual assembly instructions, especially when malware uses obfuscation or packers that require stepping through execution to reach the real payload.
The other options do not primarily perform assembly-level analysis.VirtualBoxandVMware vSphereare virtualization platforms; they help safely run malware in isolated environments, but they are not disassemblers
/debuggers for examining assembly instructions.QualNetis a network simulation tool used for modeling network behavior, not binary reverse engineering. Because the question specifically emphasizesanalyzing assembly code instructionsto understand malware purpose, the correct tool among the choices isOllyDbg (C).
NEW QUESTION # 22
A government organization decided to establish a computer forensics lab to perform transparent investigation processes on highly sensitive cases. The organization also decided to establish strong physical security around the premises of the forensics lab.
Which of the following security measures helps the organization in providing strong physical security to the forensics lab?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Forensics labs handling highly sensitive investigations must protect evidence confidentiality and prevent unauthorized disclosure. Strong physical security includes not only access control and surveillance, but also protections againstelectromagnetic (EM) emanationrisks. Computers and displays can unintentionally emit electromagnetic signals that, under certain conditions, may be intercepted and reconstructed to reveal sensitive information (for example, case notes, recovered evidence content, or credentials). Digital forensics lab design guidance recognizes this as a real threat in high-sensitivity environments and recommendsEM shielding / TEMPEST-style controlswhere appropriate. Shielding workstations reduces the chance of data leakage through side-channel interception and helps ensure that confidential investigative activities cannot be monitored from outside controlled areas.
The other options directly weaken physical security and safety. Fire extinguishers are required for facility safety and risk management, so "never place" them is unsafe and contrary to secure lab standards. Not maintaining an entrance log register undermines chain-of-custody support and accountability by removing a basic access auditing mechanism. "Never keep the lab under surveillance" removes a core deterrent and detection control for unauthorized entry, evidence tampering, and theft. Therefore, shielding workstations from transmitting electromagnetic signals is the only option thatstrengthensphysical security for a sensitive forensics lab.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following file systems is developed by Apple to support Mac OS in its proprietary Macintosh system and replace the Macintosh File System (MFS)?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Apple's original Macintosh computers initially usedMFS (Macintosh File System), which had important limitations, including a relatively flat directory model and constraints that became problematic as storage sizes and file organization needs grew. To address these limitations, Apple introducedHFS (Hierarchical File System)-explicitly designed to replace MFS and provide a truehierarchical directory structure(folders within folders), improved metadata handling, and better scalability for the Macintosh platform. From a digital forensics perspective, this historical transition matters because examiners may encounter legacy Macintosh media or disk images where understanding the file system family helps interpret catalog structures, allocation behavior, and metadata artifacts.
The other options do not fit the "replace MFS" requirement.NTFSis Microsoft's Windows file system.APFS (Apple File System)is Apple's modern file system introduced much later (primarily for SSDs, with features like snapshots and strong encryption support) and it replaced HFS+ in newer macOS versions-not MFS.
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)is a UNIX/Linux directory layout standard, not a Macintosh disk file system. Therefore, the Apple-developed file system that replaced MFS isHierarchical File System (HFS), which corresponds toOption D.
NEW QUESTION # 24
James, a forensic specialist, was appointed to investigate an incident in an organization. As part of the investigation, James is attempting to identify whether any external storage devices are connected to the internal systems. For this purpose, he employed a utility to capture the list of all devices connected to the local machine and removed suspicious devices.
Identify the tool employed by James in the above scenario.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The requirement is tolist devices connected to a local Windows machine, specifically to identifyexternal storage devicesthat may be attached and potentially used for data theft or malware introduction. In Windows forensic practice, investigators often start by enumerating currently mounted volumes and recently connected removable media so they can correlate device presence with suspicious activity timelines and user actions.
DriveLetterViewis a utility designed to display the complete mapping ofdrive letters to storage devices
/volumes, includingremovable drives(USB flash drives, external HDDs), optical media, network-mapped drives, and local partitions. It helps quickly identify what storage devices are present and accessible on the system at the time of inspection, which fits the scenario where James captures a list of connected devices and removes suspicious ones.
The other tools do not match this purpose.ESEDatabaseViewis used to inspect Extensible Storage Engine databases, not enumerate attached storage.ProcDumpis used for creating process memory dumps for debugging/forensic analysis of processes, not for listing connected drives.PromiscDetectrelates to detecting network interfaces in promiscuous mode (packet sniffing), not external storage enumeration. Therefore, the correct tool for identifying connected storage devices isDriveLetterView (C).
NEW QUESTION # 25
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