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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 2
  • Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Topic 3
  • Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
Topic 4
  • Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.
Topic 5
  • Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q57-Q62):

NEW QUESTION # 57
Which of the following formats are used to describe a code scanning alert from CodeQL?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is used by CodeQL to describe the vulnerabilities it detects in code scanning alerts. CodeQL's queries are designed to identify a wide range of weaknesses, and each security query is associated with one or more specific CWEs, providing developers with standardized identifiers for the types of vulnerabilities found.
By associating alerts with CWEs, CodeQL provides a structured and informative approach to vulnerability management, making it easier for development teams to understand, address, and prevent security issues.
Note: The Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) system is an industry-standard way of cataloging insecure software development patterns. CodeQL runs hundreds of queries out of the box that are able to detect an even greater number of CWEs. We went back through our existing queries, and aligned dozens of them with updated CWE IDs to give users better insight into the potential impact of a security issue when an alert is flagged up by code scanning.
Incorrect:
[Not B]
Vulnerability Exploitability eXchange (VEX) is not used by CodeQL; rather, CodeQL and VEX are complementary tools in software security: CodeQL identifies code vulnerabilities, while VEX communicates the exploitability of a vulnerability within a specific product context, helping users focus on relevant threats.
[Not C]
GitHub Advisories (GHSA) is a database of CVEs and GitHub-originated security advisories affecting the open source world. Advisories may or may not be documented in the National Vulnerability Database. Dependency-Track integrates with GHSA by mirroring advisories via GitHub's public GraphQL API.
[Not D]
CodeQL finds the vulnerability, and CVE provides the universally recognized identifier and description for that specific vulnerability, allowing for better communication and faster response within the cybersecurity community.
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) is a standardized dictionary that provides unique identifiers for publicly known cybersecurity weaknesses in software and hardware. Maintained by the MITRE Corporation and funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, CVE ensures a common language for cybersecurity professionals to track, discuss, and address vulnerabilities effectively across the industry. Each CVE entry includes an identifier, a description, and references to publicly available information about the vulnerability.


NEW QUESTION # 58
Which of the following would raise secret scanning alerts?

Answer: B

Explanation:
A secret scanning alert is raised when sensitive data, such as API keys, passwords, or access tokens, is detected in a code repository, often due to accidental inclusion by developers. The detection uses pattern-matching and entropy analysis to identify high-entropy strings that look like secrets, but can sometimes generate false positives from non-sensitive data like UUIDs. Alerts can also occur when a developer attempts to bypass the push protection feature that prevents secrets from being committed.


NEW QUESTION # 59
Which of the following options would close a Dependabot alert?

Answer: A

Explanation:
To close a Dependabot alert, the primary method is to address the underlying vulnerability. This usually involves merging a pull request that Dependabot creates to update the vulnerable dependency or manually fixing the issue and pushing the updated code. Once the vulnerability is resolved, the alert will be automatically closed. Alternatively, you can manually close alerts in the
"Security" tab of your repository.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
1. Addressing the Vulnerability:
*-> Merge Dependabot Pull Requests:
If Dependabot has identified a vulnerability and created a pull request to fix it, review and merge the pull request. This will automatically update the dependency and close the alert.
* Manual Fix:
If you prefer to fix the vulnerability yourself, make the necessary code changes to update the dependency. Once the changes are pushed and merged, Dependabot will recognize the fix and close the alert.
2. Manually Closing Alerts (if needed)


NEW QUESTION # 60
A secret scanning alert should be closed as "used in tests" when a secret is:

Answer: A

Explanation:
If a secret is intentionally used in a test environment and poses no real-world security risk, you may close the alert with the reason "used in tests". This helps reduce noise and clarify that the alert was reviewed and accepted as non-critical.
Just being in a test file isn't enough unless its purpose is purely for testing.


NEW QUESTION # 61
Assuming that notification settings and Dependabot alert recipients have not been customized, which user account setting should you use to get an alert when a vulnerability is detected in one of your repositories?

Answer: A

Explanation:
To ensure you're notified whenever a vulnerability is detected via Dependabot, you must enable alerts for Dependabot in your personal notification settings. This applies to both new and existing repositories. It ensures you get timely alerts about security vulnerabilities.
The dependency graph must be enabled for scanning, but does not send alerts itself.


NEW QUESTION # 62
......

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