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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Financial Analysis | 45–50% | - Purpose and components of financial statements
|
| Controls and Regulations | 10–15% | - Internal control systems and principles
|
| Profit Planning | 10–15% | - Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis
|
| Budgeting and Decision Making | 10–15% | - Master budget and components
|
| Cost Systems | 20–25% | - Cost concepts and classification
|
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質問 # 40
Which events represent financial information recorded in the accounting system of a business?
正解：B
解説：
Accounting systems record business events that have already occurred , not events that may happen in the future and not the personal activities of owners. This is why Option B is correct. In financial accounting, recorded information must be based on identifiable, measurable, and supportable transactions or events, such as sales made, expenses incurred, assets purchased, liabilities created, or cash received and paid. Accounting information is primarily historical in nature, which improves reliability and allows users to evaluate what actually happened in the business.
Option A is incorrect because future business events are forecasts or estimates, not recorded transactions unless a present accounting event already exists, such as an accrued expense. Options C and D are also incorrect because personal events of the owners are not part of the business accounting records unless they directly affect the business entity, for example, owner investment or owner withdrawals. Under the business entity concept, the business is accounted for separately from its owners. Therefore, only completed business transactions and relevant economic events belonging to the business are recorded in the accounting system.
質問 # 41
What is the impact on costs as sales volume decreases?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is C. Total variable costs will decrease in direct proportion . Variable costs change in total as activity or sales volume changes. When sales volume decreases, total variable costs also decrease proportionally because fewer units are produced or sold. Multiple accounting references explain that total variable cost rises and falls with the level of activity, while the variable cost per unit remains constant within the relevant range.
Option A is the opposite of what happens when volume falls. Options B and D are incorrect because total fixed costs generally remain unchanged within the relevant range regardless of short-term changes in sales volume. OpenStax notes that fixed costs are present regardless of production or sales levels, while variable costs occur only as items or services are produced and sold.
This distinction is central to cost behavior analysis and profit planning. As volume declines, total variable costs go down in direct proportion, but total fixed costs do not normally move with sales in the short run.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option C .
質問 # 42
The following list provides partial financial information for a company.
Current assets = $36,543
Total assets = $58,719
Current liabilities = $24,824
Total liabilities = $48,561
Stockholders' equity = $10,158
Sales = $46,997
Net income = $3,761
Market value of equity = $41,316
What is the current ratio for this company?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is C. 1.47 . The current ratio measures a company's ability to pay its short-term obligations using its short-term assets. The formula is:
Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities
Using the given figures:
Current ratio = 36,543 / 24,824 = 1.4721 , which rounds to 1.47
This means the company has $1.47 of current assets for every $1.00 of current liabilities . In financial analysis, this is generally viewed as a sign that the company has a reasonable short-term liquidity position, although the ideal ratio depends on the industry and the quality of the current assets. For example, cash and receivables are usually more liquid than inventory.
Option A is close, but it is not the correct rounded result. Option B is incorrect because it would indicate current liabilities exceed current assets. Option D is far too high based on the numbers given. Since the question asks specifically for the current ratio , the correct calculation and answer are clearly 1.47 , making Option C the right choice.
質問 # 43
A company's statement of cash flows includes the following cash transactions.
Sales = $1,250,000
Inventory purchase = -$750,000
Property and equipment purchase = -$280,000
Interest payment on long-term debt = -$25,000
Payment of wages = -$315,000
Payment of rent = -$40,000
Borrowing long-term debt = $200,000
Payment of cash dividends = -$15,000
Repurchase of treasury stock = -$40,000
Total cash flows = -$5,000
What is the total cash flow from investing activities?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is B. -$280,000 . To determine cash flow from investing activities , include only cash flows related to the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and investments. In the transactions listed, the only investing activity is:
Property and equipment purchase = -$280,000
That makes total cash flow from investing activities -$280,000 . OpenStax states that the investing section of the statement of cash flows relates to changes in long-term assets, and FASB's cash flow guidance classifies acquisitions of productive assets as investing cash outflows.
The other listed items belong to different sections. Sales, inventory purchases, wages, rent, and interest payments are generally operating activities under U.S. GAAP. Borrowing long-term debt, paying dividends, and repurchasing treasury stock are financing activities . Since none of those belong in investing activities, they should not be included in the investing subtotal. Therefore, the total cash flow from investing activities is simply the cash paid for property and equipment, which is -$280,000 , making Option B the correct answer.
質問 # 44
Which current asset on a balance sheet appears first in the traditional category order for U.S.-based companies?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is A. Cash . In the traditional ordering of current assets on a U.S. balance sheet, accounts are typically listed in order of liquidity , meaning how quickly they can be converted into cash or used. Cash is already the most liquid asset, so it normally appears first. After cash, companies usually list items such as marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses. OpenStax identifies cash among the standard examples of assets and discusses current assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid items.
Option B, inventory , is incorrect because inventory is less liquid than cash and receivables. Option C, accounts receivable , is also incorrect because receivables are expected to become cash, but they are not cash itself. Option D, prepaid expenses , typically appear later because they do not convert into cash; instead, they provide future benefits through services or coverage already paid for. In U.S. practice, the standard presentation begins with the most liquid current asset, which is cash. Therefore, among the choices provided, Cash is the correct answer.
質問 # 45
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