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>> ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor前提条件 <<
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質問 # 35
An audit team leader arrives at a fabrication organisation that manufactures stairways to ..certification audit. At a meeting with the OHSMS Manager the audit finds that the responsibility for worker consultation and participation lies with the managerial team. Select from the options four actions by the managerial team that encourage worker consultation and participation.
正解：A、B、C、D
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 5.4 of ISO 45001:2018 emphasizes the importance of worker consultation and participation in the OHS management system. It requires organizations to establish processes that ensure workers are actively involved in decision-making and implementation of OHS practices.
Analysis of Options:
A . Promoting collaborating workers to higher positions:
While promotions may boost morale, they do not directly contribute to worker consultation and participation in the OHSMS.
B . Appointing worker representatives:
This action fosters direct communication and representation of workers' interests in health and safety matters.
C . Conducting toolbox talks on health and safety:
Toolbox talks are an effective way to engage workers in discussing and addressing health and safety issues.
D . Giving ownership of health and safety matters:
Involving workers in decision-making and giving them responsibility for specific health and safety tasks encourages participation.
E . Ignoring workers' suggestions:
This undermines consultation and is contrary to ISO 45001 principles.
F . Implementing a payment scheme to reward workers' OHS performance:
While incentives can motivate safe behavior, they are not a consultation or participation mechanism as required by Clause 5.4.
G . Implementing methods for engaging workers:
This aligns directly with Clause 5.4, as effective engagement methods (e.g., surveys, focus groups) enhance participation.
H . Threatening reprisals to whistleblowers:
This violates ISO 45001 principles and discourages worker participation.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.4: Worker consultation and participation.
Clause 5.1: Leadership's responsibility to foster participation.
質問 # 36
Wash-it-up is an organization that provides window cleaning services for the industrial sector. It has been certified t ISO 45001 for some time and has appointed a new OHS Manager. The audit plan during a surveillance audit includes the improvement actions and the auditor asks to see the most recent management review meeting minutes.
surveillance audit includes the Improvement actions and the auditor asks to see the most recent management review meeting minutes.
Which six of the statements would represent output audit evidence for the management review?
正解：A、B、E、F、I、J
解説：
Clause 9.3 of ISO 45001:2018 outlines the requirements for management reviews. These reviews must evaluate the performance of the OHSMS and identify opportunities for improvement. Outputs of management reviews typically include decisions and actions that align with strategic and operational priorities.
Analysis of Options:
A). Decisions related to continual improvement opportunities:This is a valid output, as continual improvement is a key objective of management reviews under Clause 10.3.
B). Allocation of a bigger budget for the OHS department:Resource allocation is a common output of management reviews to address identified needs.
C). Improvements in the OHSMS:Improvements reflect the organization's commitment to enhancing safety performance.
D). Minutes of previous management reviews:While minutes provide context, they are not an output of the current management review.
E). Opportunities to integrate the OHS management system with other business processes:Integration opportunities are valid outputs, as they enhance the system ' s effectiveness.
F). Plan to prioritize health and safety issues as a business strategy:Strategic alignment of health and safety with business objectives is an expected output.
G). Procurement of new safety harnesses for workers:This is an operational action, not a direct output of the management review process.
H). Report showing the trend of an increase in safety incidents:This is an input to the management review, not an output.
I). Updates to the risk register:Risk register updates reflect changes in identified hazards and risks, making this a valid output.
J). Worker feedback of positive and negative comments:Worker feedback is an input to the management review, not an output.
ISO References:
Clause 9.3: Management review inputs and outputs.
Clause 10.3: Continual improvement actions.
質問 # 37
An internal auditor of a manufacturer of plastic packaging products for the food industry raised a nonconformity against section 10.2 of ISO 45001 in Report IA202. The nonconformity (NC3) stated: "The level of reported health and safety incidents has increased by 9.7% over the last 12 months. This included an increase in reported accidents." A third-party auditor reviewing the internal audit process came across the nonconformity and found that there was no evidence of having been reported to relevant staff. Select three of the following nonconformities that the auditor could raise to ISO 45001.
正解：B、C、D
解説：
Clause 10.2 requires organizations to investigate nonconformities, determine their causes, and take corrective actions to prevent recurrence. Clause 9.2.2 specifies the requirements for managing internal audit processes, while Clause 7.4.3 emphasizes the need to communicate relevant information effectively.
Analysis of Options:
* A. 9.2.2.e - Management failed to take any action to deal with the audit nonconformity:Correct.
Management must ensure that internal audit findings are addressed promptly. The lack of action violates Clause 9.2.2.e.
* B. 9.2.2.d - Staff were not made aware that health and safety incidents were increasing:Incorrect.
This clause pertains to the planning and conduct of audits, not the communication of findings.
* C. 8.1.1 - Operations were not properly controlled to avoid health and safety incidents:Incorrect.
While increased incidents may suggest operational issues, this option does not directly relate to the internal audit findings.
* D. 9.2.2 - Report IA202 contained a poorly worded nonconformity (NC3):Incorrect. The clarity of the nonconformity wording is not directly relevant to Clause 9.2.2.
* E. 10.2.b - The root cause of the increase in reported health and safety accidents was not investigated:Correct. Failure to investigate root causes violates Clause 10.2.b.
* F. 7.4.3 - The results of the internal audit IA202 were not communicated to interested parties:
Correct. Effective communication of audit results is required under Clause 7.4.3.
ISO References:
* Clause 9.2.2: Internal audit process requirements.
* Clause 10.2: Nonconformity and corrective action.
* Clause 7.4.3: Communication requirements.
質問 # 38
You are carrying out a follow-up audit of a chrome plating organisation. At their last assessment, they were found to be storing dangerous chemicals in a wooden shed with a damaged door and a broken lock.
The corrective action agreed was that the shed would be replaced with a metal building with a tamper-proof lock and that there would be bars across the windows.
However, none of the work has been done and the organisation suspect you are going to issue a bad report as a result. To prevent this, they offer to re-chrome your vintage sports car. You tell them that you have had a previous quote for this work, which came in at £3,500. They say they will do the work for £350 if your audit report does not mention their failure to fix the building.
How would you react?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is A .
This is a serious attempted bribe and a direct threat to audit integrity, impartiality, and credibility . A third-party auditor must not accept gifts, inducements, or favorable treatment in exchange for changing, hiding, or weakening audit findings. The auditor must act ethically and protect the certification process from improper influence.
The organization has also failed to implement the agreed corrective action , so that failure must be recorded accurately. Any attempt to conceal it would be dishonest and would invalidate the audit outcome. In certification auditing, impartiality and objective evidence are fundamental principles. An offer of discounted personal work in exchange for suppressing an audit finding is unacceptable and must be escalated.
Therefore, the correct response is to:
* stop the audit activity , because the integrity of the audit has been compromised;
* leave the site ;
* report the attempted bribe immediately to the individual(s) managing the audit programme or certification body;
* avoid further direct contact with the auditee until instructions are given.
Why the other options are wrong:
* B is unethical because it ignores both the failed corrective action and the attempted bribe.
* C is fraudulent because it involves knowingly recording false audit information and accepting the improper benefit.
* D is also unethical because it accepts the benefit indirectly and delays the audit to help the auditee avoid the finding.
質問 # 39
An auditor of a manufacturer of plastic packaging products for the food industry found a nonconformity in an internal audit report raised against section 10.2 of ISO 45001 in Report IA202. The nonconformity (NC3) stated: "The level of reported health and safety incidents has increased by 9.7% over the last 12 months. This included an increase in reported accidents." Against this background, the third-party audit team found more than twenty minor nonconformities during the audit, which they agreed should be combined into one major nonconformity against clause 4.4 of ISO 45001. "The organisation has failed to demonstrate that it is maintaining and continually improving a health and safety management system." Select two options which would represent acceptable corrective actions for the nonconformity.
正解：D、E
解説：
Clause 4.4 of ISO 45001 requires organizations to establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve an OH&S management system. The corrective actions must address systemic issues, involve leadership commitment, and aim to foster a strong safety culture.
Analysis of Options:
A . Top management initiated a comprehensive review of internal and external issues:
Correct. A review of internal and external issues aligns with Clause 4.1 and demonstrates leadership commitment.
B . Union representatives were invited to attend OH&S management meetings:
Incorrect. While participation is valuable, it is not a systemic corrective action.
C . Top management developed and is leading a programme to promote an effective culture of support:
Correct. Promoting a safety culture is a proactive measure and aligns with Clause 5.1 (Leadership).
D . Staff from departments with nonconformities received regular safety training during toolbox talks:
Incorrect. While training addresses specific gaps, it does not address systemic issues.
E . External consultants conducted a gap analysis of the OHSMS:
Incorrect. While helpful, this action does not demonstrate leadership or address systemic improvement.
F . OH&S champions were appointed in each department to report near misses and incidents:
Incorrect. This is a good practice but does not directly address Clause 4.4's requirement for systemic improvement.
ISO Reference:
Clause 4.4: Maintaining and improving the OH&S management system.
Clause 5.1: Leadership and commitment.
Clause 10.3: Continual improvement.
質問 # 40
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