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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Special Collections | - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Pediatric and geriatric considerations |
| Topic 2: Routine Blood Collections | - Order of draw - Venipuncture procedures - Equipment selection and use |
| Topic 3: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Quality assurance procedures - Common errors and rejection criteria - Specimen transport and storage |
| Topic 4: Patient Preparation | - Specimen labeling procedures - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation |
| Topic 5: Safety and Compliance | - OSHA regulations and patient safety - Infection control and standard precautions - HIPAA and patient confidentiality |
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NEW QUESTION # 93
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomy technician take upon withdrawing a winged infusion needle?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Upon withdrawing a winged infusion needle, the phlebotomy technician should activate the safety device. Winged infusion sets have a built-in safety mechanism designed to shield or retract the needle after use, reducing the risk of needlestick injury and bloodborne pathogen exposure. The device should be activated immediately according to the manufacturer's instructions and then disposed of in an appropriate sharps container. Disposing of a 16-gauge needle is not the best answer because winged sets for routine phlebotomy are not typically described as 16-gauge, and disposal occurs after safety activation. Placing a capillary pipette in clay relates to microhematocrit tube sealing, not venipuncture completion. Depressing a syringe plunger is unrelated to winged needle removal and could create exposure or specimen-handling problems if done incorrectly. The critical safety action is engineering-control use: activate the safety feature without recapping or unnecessary handling. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; Safety and Compliance; winged infusion sets; needle withdrawal; sharps safety; needlestick prevention. NHA CPT domains include equipment selection, needle removal, safety-device use, and exposure-control procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 94
Which of the following specimens is commonly collected using filter paper?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Newborn screening specimens are commonly collected using filter paper. These specimens are obtained by heel puncture and applied to designated circles on approved filter paper cards. The blood must soak through completely from one side, filling each circle properly without layering multiple drops. Blood cultures are collected in aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles, not filter paper. Coagulation studies require light-blue citrate tubes filled to the correct blood-to-additive ratio. Crossmatch specimens are collected in tubes specified by the transfusion service, with strict patient identification and labeling requirements. Filter-paper collection has its own technical risks: insufficient saturation, layering, contamination, touching the collection area, failure to dry completely, and improper transport can all make the specimen unsatisfactory. The phlebotomist must warm the heel if needed, use an approved puncture site, avoid excessive squeezing, and allow the card to dry horizontally away from direct heat or sunlight. Reference topics: Special Collections; newborn screening; PKU/metabolic screening; filter-paper collection; infant heel puncture.
NEW QUESTION # 95
Which of the following is the minimum amount of time required to perform vigorous handwashing according to standard precaution guidelines?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The minimum time for vigorous handwashing is 20 seconds. Proper handwashing requires wetting the hands, applying soap, rubbing all surfaces vigorously, cleaning between fingers and under nails, rinsing, and drying with a clean towel or approved drying method. Ten seconds is too short to reliably remove transient microorganisms. Two or three minutes is excessive for routine handwashing under standard precautions and is more consistent with extended surgical scrub concepts, not ordinary clinical hand hygiene before and after patient contact. In phlebotomy, hand hygiene is required before patient contact, after glove removal, after contact with blood or body fluids, after touching contaminated surfaces, and whenever hands are visibly soiled. Gloves do not replace hand hygiene; they are an additional barrier. Correct hand hygiene reduces healthcare-associated infection risk and protects both the patient and the phlebotomist. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; standard precautions; hand hygiene; infection prevention; PPE. CDC guidance states that healthcare personnel should wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds in indicated situations.
NEW QUESTION # 96
Which of the following types of consent provides a patient with information about the methods, risks, and consequences of a procedure?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Informed consent means the patient receives enough information to understand the nature of the procedure, including the method, purpose, risks, benefits, alternatives, and possible consequences, before agreeing. Therefore, informed consent is the correct answer. Expressed consent means the patient clearly agrees, either verbally or in writing, but the term does not by itself prove that the patient received a full explanation of risks and consequences. Implied consent occurs through the patient's actions, such as extending an arm for venipuncture after identification and explanation. Verbal consent is simply the spoken form of agreement and may be expressed, but again it does not specifically define the full disclosure requirement. In phlebotomy, routine blood collection often proceeds with implied or expressed consent after proper identification and explanation, but higher-risk or special procedures may require more formal informed consent depending on policy. The NHA CPT outline includes receiving implied, informed, or expressed consent and understanding the components required for consent. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; patient rights; consent types; communication before collection.
NEW QUESTION # 97
Which of the following terms means a decrease in white blood cells?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Leukopenia means a decreased number of white blood cells. "Leuko-" refers to white blood cells, and "-penia" means deficiency or decrease. Leukocytosis means an increased white blood cell count and is often associated with infection, inflammation, stress response, or hematologic disorders. Thrombocytopenia means a decreased platelet count, which can increase bleeding risk after venipuncture. Erythrocytosis means an increased red blood cell count. This terminology matters to phlebotomy because laboratory orders and patient conditions often use hematologic language. The phlebotomist does not diagnose these conditions, but understanding terms helps the technician anticipate safety concerns and specimen requirements. For example, thrombocytopenia may require longer pressure after collection, while leukopenia may be associated with immunocompromised status and strict infection-control awareness. A CBC is the common test used to evaluate red cells, white cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; medical terminology; hematology; CBC components; blood cell disorders.
NEW QUESTION # 98
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