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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: SD-WAN | - Troubleshooting
|
| Topic 2: Enterprise Firewall | - Routing and VPN
|
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NEW QUESTION # 74
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the partial output of a diagnose command.
Which two conclusions can you draw from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The study guide identifies this exact output as an expectation session created by the FTP session helper :
* "run helper-ftp" indicates the FTP helper is in use.
* "FortiGate created an expectation session and opened the pinhole port for the expected return traffic" It also explains why this exists:
* "Another important function of the session helper is to temporarily create an expected session (or pinhole) for the data channel connection that comes from the server."
* "The session helper automatically creates the session and opens the door for the incoming connection."
* "These incoming TCP sessions use random TCP port numbers."
That directly proves C is correct.
For A , the exhibit shows expire=23. The study guide explains the expire field as the length of time until the session expires if no matching traffic arrives, and the FortiOS guide states for expectation sessions:
* "Expectation sessions usually have a timeout value of 30 seconds. If the communication from the server is not initiated within 30 seconds the expectation session times out and traffic will be denied." So with expire=23, FortiGate will allow that expected traffic only for the remaining 23 seconds; after that, it times out and the traffic is denied. That makes A correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
* B is not supported . The study guide describes expectation sessions as being created by the session helper from the control-session negotiation, not as independent objects unaffected by the master session.
* D is wrong as stated. Even though the output contains policy_id=25, the study guide explicitly says the incoming expected connection is allowed by the expected session itself, "even when no firewall policy allows it."
NEW QUESTION # 75
Refer to the exhibit.
An IPsec VPN tunnel is dropping, as shown by the debug output.
Analyzing the debug output, what could be causing the tunnel to go down?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 76
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two observations can you make about the web filter traffic captured using the flow tool? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Analyze the " Send to Application Layer " Message:
The most critical line in the debug output is: id=65308 ... func=av_receive ... msg= " send to application layer
"
Meaning: This message indicates that the FortiGate kernel is handing the packet over to a user-space daemon (specifically the WAD/Proxy process, indicated by av_receive handlers) for deep inspection.
Implication: This behavior is the hallmark of Proxy-based inspection. In Flow-based inspection, the traffic is handled by the IPS engine (often within the kernel or via specific IPS handlers like ips_measure), and you would not typically see a " send to application layer " message for standard web filtering.
Evaluate Option B (Firewall Policy Mode):
Since the traffic is being sent to the application layer proxy, the Firewall Policy controlling this traffic (Policy ID 1, as seen in Allowed by Policy-1) must be configured with Inspection Mode = Proxy. If it were Flow- based, the traffic would stay in the flow path. Thus, Option B is correct.
Evaluate Option C (Web Filter Profile Mode):
In FortiOS, when a firewall policy is set to Proxy-based inspection, the security profiles (like Web Filter) applied to that policy also operate in Proxy-based inspection mode. The presence of the av_receive function confirms that the content inspection (Web Filter/AV) is being performed by the proxy engine. Thus, Option C is correct.
Why Option A is Incorrect (NPU Offload):
The output shows npu_state=0x100. In the context of a flow trace where traffic is being " sent to application layer, " this confirms the session is not fully offloaded to the NPU (Network Processor). Offloaded traffic (Fast Path) is handled by the hardware and would not generate these specific CPU-level debug logs for the payload inspection phase. The proxying process requires CPU intervention.
Why Option D is Incorrect (Port Mapping):
While valid protocol mapping is necessary for inspection, the specific debug output shown is a direct result of the Inspection Mode (Proxy vs. Flow). The observation of the traffic moving to the application layer is primarily caused by the policy and profile mode settings, making B and C the direct " observations " derived from the log data.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting (Debug Flow): " If the debug flow shows msg= ' send to application layer ' , it confirms the traffic is being handled by the proxy (WAD) for Proxy-based inspection. "
NEW QUESTION # 77
An administrator wants to capture encrypted phase 2 traffic between two FotiGate devices using the built-in sniffer.
If the administrator knows that there Is no NAT device located between both FortiGate devices, which command should the administrator run?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To capture encrypted IPsec phase 2 (ESP) traffic between two FortiGate devices, the correct protocol filter to use is ip proto 50. According to the Fortinet official sniffing and debugging documentation, ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) is used for encrypted phase 2 payload transfer and always uses IP protocol number 50. Running the command diagnose sniffer packet any ' ip proto 50 ' captures only ESP packets, which represent the encrypted traffic-whether originating or transiting the device.
If there is no NAT device between FortiGates, ESP is not encapsulated in UDP (thus not on UDP port 4500; if NAT-T were required, packets would be UDP-encapsulated, but the scenario explicitly says NAT is not in use). UDP port 500 is for IKE control (negotiation) traffic, and AH (Authentication Header, ip proto 51) is not used for encryption in standard IPsec phase 2 with ESP.
This matches the official CLI reference from Fortinet for VPN and traffic analysis.
**
References:
FortiOS CLI Reference: diagnose sniffer packet, ESP, IP Protocol Numbers FortiGate VPN Administration Guide: Traffic Capture and Analysis of IPsec Traffic
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which statement about protocol options is true?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 79
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