CKA模擬問題、CKA復習攻略問題

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Linux Foundation CKA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Workloads & Scheduling	15%	- Scheduling constraints - Deployments and rolling updates - ConfigMaps and Secrets
Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration	25%	- High availability setup - Cluster installation and configuration - Kubernetes architecture components
Storage	10%	- Storage classes - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims
Troubleshooting	30%	- Application and networking debugging - Cluster component troubleshooting
Services & Networking	20%	- Services (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer) - Ingress configuration - Network policies

>> CKA模擬問題 <<

試験の準備方法-正確的なCKA模擬問題試験-完璧なCKA復習攻略問題

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Linux Foundation Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Program Exam 認定 CKA 試験問題 (Q23-Q28):

質問 # 23
Get list of persistent volumes and persistent volume claim in the cluster

正解：

解説：
kubectl get pv kubectl get pvc

質問 # 24
Create a secret mysecret with values user=myuser and password=mypassword

A. kubectl create secret generic my-secret --fromliteral=username=user --from-literal=password=mypassword
// Verify
kubectl get secret generic my-secret -o yaml
B. kubectl create secret generic my-secret --fromliteral=username=user --from-literal=password=mypassword
// Verify
kubectl get secret --all-namespaces
kubectl get secret generic my-secret -o yaml

正解：B

質問 # 25
Create a configmap called cfgvolume with values var1=val1,
var2=val2 and create an nginx pod with volume nginx-volume which
reads data from this configmap cfgvolume and put it on the path
/etc/cfg

A. // first create a configmap cfgvolume
kubectl create cm cfgvolume --from-literal=var1=val1 --fromliteral=var2=val2
// verify the configmap
kubectl describe cm cfgvolume
// create the config map
kubectl create -f nginx-volume.yml
vim nginx-configmap-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
- name: nginx-volume
configMap:
name: cfgvolume
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
volumeMounts:
- name: nginx-volume
mountPath: /etc/cfg
restartPolicy: Always
k kubectl apply -f nginx-configmap-pod.yaml
/ // Verify
// exec into the pod
kubectl exec -it nginx -- /bin/sh
// check the path
cd /etc/cfg
B. // first create a configmap cfgvolume
kubectl create cm cfgvolume --from-literal=var1=val1 --fromliteral=var2=val2
// verify the configmap
kubectl describe cm cfgvolume
// create the config map
kubectl create -f nginx-volume.yml
vim nginx-configmap-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
run: nginx
name: nginx
spec:
volumes:
- name: nginx-volume
configMap:
name: cfgvolume
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
volumeMounts:
- name: nginx-volume
mountPath: /etc/cfg
restartPolicy: Always
k kubectl apply -f nginx-configmap-pod.yaml
/ // Verify
// exec into the pod
kubectl exec -it nginx -- /bin/sh
// check the path
cd /etc/cfg

正解：B

質問 # 26
Your Kubernetes cluster is experiencing performance issues, and you suspect that the kubelet process is consuming excessive resources. You need to investigate the kubelet's resource usage and adjust its configuration to improve performance.

正解：

解説：
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Monitor Kubelet Resource Usage:
- Use 'kubectl top node to view the resource usage of the kubelet process on each node:
- Look for signs of high CPU or memory usage by the kubelet process.
2. Examine Kubelet Logs:
- Check the kubelet logs for any errors or warnings related to resource constraints:
- The logs can be accessed using 'journalctl -u kubelet -n
- Search for messages that suggest the kubelet is struggling to manage resources.
3. Analyze Kubelet Configuration:
- Review the kubelet's configuration file:
- The configuration file is typically located at '/etc/kubernetes/kubelet/config' on the nodes.
- Check the following settings:
- '--max-pods': The maximum number of pods that the kubelet can manage.
- '--fail-swap-on': Determines if kubelet should fail nodes that have swap enabled.
- '--cgroup-root': Specifies the cgroup root used by kubelet.
- '--cadvisor-port': Specifies the port that the kubelet's cadvisor API listens on.
- '--event-burst': Specifies the maximum number of events that can be buffered before they are sent to the API server.
- '--event-qps': Specifies the maximum number of events that can be sent to the API server per second.
4. Adjust Kubelet Configuration:
- Based on the analysis of the kubelet logs and configuration, consider these adjustments:
- Increase resource limits for kubelet: Allocate more CPU and memory to the kubelet process if necessary.
- Reduce the '-max-pods' value: Limit the number of pods managed by the kubelet to reduce its resource consumption.
- Disable swap: If the kubelet is failing nodes due to swap, disable swap.
5. Restart Kubelet:
- After making configuration changes, restart the kubelet service on the affected nodes:
- For example, use 'systemctl restart kubelet' or 'sudo systemctl restart kubelet' on most Linux distributions.
6. Monitor Performance:
- Observe the cluster's performance after adjusting the kubelet configuration:
- Use tools like 'kubectl top node' or 'kubectl top pod' to monitor resource usage.
- Check for any improvements in the cluster's overall performance and stability.
7. Further Optimization:
- If the issue persists, you might need to:
- Upgrade the Kubernetes version: Older versions of Kubernetes might have known performance issues that are addressed in newer versions.
- Analyze node hardware: Ensure that the nodes have sufficient resources to handle the workload.
- Consider using a different Kubernetes distribution: Different distributions of Kubernetes might have different performance characteristics.
- Enable Vertical Pod Autoscaling (VPA): VPA can automatically adjust the resource requests and limits of pods based on their resource usage, which can improve resource utilization.

質問 # 27
Get the list of pods of webapp deployment

A. // Get the label of the deployment
kubectl get deploy --show-labels
kubectl get pods -l app=webapp
B. // Get the label of the deployment
kubectl get deploy --show-labels
// Get the pods with that label
kubectl get pods -l app=webapp

正解：B

質問 # 28
......

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CKA復習攻略問題: https://www.it-passports.com/CKA.html

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