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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Module 11: Malware Forensics | 5% | - Malware Analysis Fundamentals - Malware Detection and Removal - Static and Dynamic Analysis |
| Topic 2: Module 1: Computer Forensics in Today's World | 5% | - Cybercrimes and Legalities - Fundamentals of Computer Forensics - Forensic Readiness and Professional Conduct |
| Topic 3: Module 8: Investigating Web-Based Attacks | 5% | - Tracking Web Attacks - Browser Forensics - Web Application Forensics |
| Topic 4: Module 9: Database Forensics | 5% | - Database Forensics Process - Database Fundamentals - Log Analysis and Recovery |
| Topic 5: Module 4: Data Acquisition and Duplication | 15% | - Data Acquisition Fundamentals - Validation and Verification - Acquisition Best Practices - Acquisition Methods and Tools |
| Topic 6: Module 2: Computer Forensics Investigation Process | 10% | - Investigation Phase - Pre-Investigation Phase - Post-Investigation Process - Investigation Process Overview |
| Topic 7: Module 5: Defeating Anti-Forensic Techniques | 10% | - Anti-Forensics Overview - Data Deletion and Encryption - Artifact Wiping and Countermeasures - Steganography Detection |
| Topic 8: Module 10: Cloud Forensics | 5% | - Cloud Computing Fundamentals - Cloud Forensics Challenges - Cloud Evidence Collection |
| Topic 9: Module 3: Understanding Hard Disks and File Systems | 15% | - File Systems (FAT, NTFS, ext2/3/4) - Hard Disk Drive Basics - Disk Partitions and Boot Process - File System Analysis |
| Topic 10: Module 7: Network Forensics | 10% | - Network Forensics Fundamentals - Log Analysis - Incident Detection and Response - Network Traffic Analysis |
| Topic 11: Module 6: Operating System Forensics | 15% | - System Artifacts Analysis - Mac OS Forensics - Windows Forensics - Linux Forensics |
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NEW QUESTION # 28
Benoy, a security professional at an organization, extracted Apache access log entries to view critical information about all the operations performed on a web server. The Apache access log extracted by Benoy is given below:
"10.10.10.10 - Jason [17/Aug/2019:00:12:34 +0300] "GET /images/content/bg_body_1.jpg HTTP/1.0" 500
1458"
Identify the HTTP status code in the Apache access log entry above that indicates the response was successful.
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the Apache Combined/Custom access log format, the value immediately after the quoted request (here," GET ... HTTP/1.0") is theHTTP status codereturned by the server. In the provided entry, that field is500.
From a forensic analysis standpoint, recognizing field positions matters because investigators correlate client IPs, timestamps, requested resources, and server outcomes to reconstruct attack timelines and identify failed exploitation attempts or misconfigurations.
It is important to note thatsuccessful HTTP responses are typically in the 2xx range, most commonly200 (OK), while3xxindicates redirects,4xxindicates client-side errors (such as 404 Not Found), and5xxindicates server-side failures. Specifically,500represents anInternal Server Error, meaning the server encountered an unexpected condition and could not fulfill the request successfully.
The other options are not HTTP status codes in this entry:+0300is the timezone offset in the timestamp,1.0is the HTTP protocol version, and2019is part of the date. Therefore, the only HTTP status code present-and the correct choice among the options-is500 (B), even though it reflects an error rather than success.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Below are the various steps involved in an email crime investigation.
1.Acquiring the email data
2.Analyzing email headers
3.Examining email messages
4.Recovering deleted email messages
5.Seizing the computer and email accounts
6.Retrieving email headers
What is the correct sequence of steps involved in the investigation of an email crime?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In an email crime investigation, the workflow should begin withseizing the computer and email accounts (5)to preserve evidence and prevent alteration, deletion, or continued misuse. This includes securing endpoints and ensuring account access is maintained under proper authority. Next, investigators proceed withacquiring the email data (1)using forensic methods (logical export, mailbox acquisition, or forensic imaging of local mail stores) to maintain integrity and chain of custody.
Once the data is preserved, investigatorsexamine email messages (3)to identify relevant communications, context, attachments, and indicators of fraud, harassment, data leakage, or impersonation. After identifying emails of interest, investigatorsretrieve email headers (6)(full headers, not just what the mail client displays) because headers contain routing metadata required for attribution and timeline reconstruction. They thenanalyze email headers (2)to interpret fields such as Received lines, Message-ID, originating IP clues (where applicable), sending infrastructure, and authentication results, which helps determine spoofing, relay paths, and sender legitimacy. Finally, theyrecover deleted email messages (4)from mail stores, server-side retention, or unallocated space to restore missing evidence. This sequence matches optionA.
NEW QUESTION # 30
An investigator wants to extract information about the status of the network interface cards (NICs) in an organization's Windows-based systems. Identify the command-line utility that can help the investigator detect the network status.
Answer: C
Explanation:
On Windows systems,ipconfigis the standard command-line utility used to display and troubleshootTCP/IP configurationand the operational status of network interfaces. From a forensic and incident-response perspective, it helps investigators quickly identify whether a NIC is enabled and configured, and it reveals key network parameters tied to "network status," such as theassigned IPv4/IPv6 addresses,subnet mask,default gateway, andDNS servers. Using variants likeipconfig /all, responders can also capture adapter-specific metadata includingMAC address (physical address), DHCP enablement, DHCP server, lease timestamps, and interface descriptions-useful for correlating an endpoint to switch-port logs, DHCP logs, and network monitoring data. This is often part of live triage because it documents the system's current connectivity and routing context at the time of seizure or investigation.
The other options are not appropriate for NIC status:PsLoggedOnreports logged-on users, andPsListenumerates running processes-both are Sysinternals tools focused on user/process state rather than network interface configuration.ifconfigis a UNIX/Linux command (and not the primary Windows utility), so it would not be the correct choice for Windows-based systems. Therefore,ipconfig (A)is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Cheryl, a forensic expert, was recruited to investigate a malicious activity performed by an anonymous hackers' group on an organization's systems. Using an automated tool, Cheryl was able to extract the malware file and analyze the assembly code instructions, which helped him understand the malware's purpose.
Which of the following tools helped Cheryl extract and analyze the assembly code of the malware?
Answer: A
Explanation:
To understand a malware sample's purpose at the instruction level, investigators usereverse-engineering toolsthat candisassemblecompiled binaries intoassembly codeand often allowinteractive debuggingto observe runtime behavior (API calls, unpacking routines, decryption loops, process injection, and control-flow decisions).OllyDbgis a classic Windows user-mode debugger widely referenced in malware analysis workflows because it provides an integrated view ofdisassembly, CPU registers, memory, breakpoints, and execution tracing. This makes it suitable for extracting behavioral insight from the actual assembly instructions, especially when malware uses obfuscation or packers that require stepping through execution to reach the real payload.
The other options do not primarily perform assembly-level analysis.VirtualBoxandVMware vSphereare virtualization platforms; they help safely run malware in isolated environments, but they are not disassemblers
/debuggers for examining assembly instructions.QualNetis a network simulation tool used for modeling network behavior, not binary reverse engineering. Because the question specifically emphasizesanalyzing assembly code instructionsto understand malware purpose, the correct tool among the choices isOllyDbg (C).
NEW QUESTION # 32
Sandra, a hacker, targeted Johana, a software professional, to steal her banking details. She started sending frequent, random pop-up messages with malicious links to her social media page. Johana accidentally clicked on a link, causing a malicious program to get installed in her system. Subsequently, when Johana attempted to access her banking website, the URL redirected her to a malicious website controlled by Sandra. Johana entered her banking credentials on the fake website, which Sandra then captured.
Identify the type of attack performed by Sandra on Johana.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The scenario describes a victim beingredirected from a legitimate banking URL to a fraudulent websitewithout intending to visit it, after malware is installed on the system. This behavior is characteristic ofpharming, an attack in which an adversarycauses redirectionto a malicious destination even when the user types the correct address or clicks a legitimate bookmark. In digital forensics references, pharming is commonly achieved by manipulatingname resolution or routing mechanisms, such as altering the localhosts file, changingDNS server settings, poisoning DNS responses, modifying browser proxy settings, or installing malware that intercepts and rewrites web requests. The key forensic indicator is that the victim's request for the real domain is transparently diverted to attacker-controlled infrastructure, where credentials are harvested through a convincing spoofed login page.
The other options do not match the redirection-and-fake-site mechanism.Tailgatingis physical access abuse (following someone into a secure area).Dumpster divinginvolves retrieving sensitive information from discarded materials.Shoulder surfingis observing credentials by watching the victim type. Because the essential action here ismalicious redirection to a fake site to steal credentials, the correct answer isPharming (A).
NEW QUESTION # 33
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