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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Security Fundamentals | 15% | - Device security and access control - Security concepts and threats |
| Automation and Programmability | 10% | - APIs and controller-based networking - Network automation concepts |
| IP Connectivity | 25% | - Routing fundamentals - Static and dynamic routing (OSPF) |
| IP Services | 10% | - DNS and NTP basics - NAT and DHCP |
| Network Fundamentals | 20% | - Network topologies and models (OSI/TCP-IP) - IPv4 and IPv6 addressing basics - Network components and architecture |
| Network Access | 20% | - STP and EtherChannel - Switching concepts and VLANs |
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問題 #447
What is used to identify spurious DHCP servers?
答案：C
解題說明：
Explanation
DHCPOFFER is used to identify spurious DHCP servers. A spurious DHCP server is any device that is configured to act as a DHCP server without the network administrator's knowledge or permission. A spurious DHCP server can cause network problems by assigning incorrect or duplicate IP addresses to clients, or by redirecting traffic to malicious gateways. To prevent such attacks, the DHCP snooping feature can be enabled on switches to filter out invalid or unauthorized DHCP messages from untrusted sources1.
DHCP snooping works by intercepting and validating DHCP messages on a per-VLAN basis. The switch maintains a DHCP snooping binding database that contains information about the trusted hosts with leased IP addresses, such as MAC address, IP address, lease time, binding type, VLAN number, and interface information2. The switch also classifies its ports as trusted or untrusted. Trusted ports are those that connect to authorized DHCP servers or other trusted switches. Untrusted ports are those that connect to untrusted hosts or devices. The switch only allows DHCP messages from trusted ports, and drops any DHCP messages from untrusted ports that do not match the information in the binding database3.
The switch uses DHCPOFFER messages to identify spurious DHCP servers. A DHCPOFFER message is a response from a DHCP server to a client's request for an IP address. The message contains the offered IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and other configuration parameters for the client4. When the switch receives a DHCPOFFER message from an untrusted port, it compares the source MAC address and the offered IP address with the binding database. If there is no match, the switch considers the message as coming from a spurious DHCP server and drops it. The switch also logs an error message and increments a counter for the number of dropped messages5.
References:
1: Configuring DHCP Snooping - Cisco
2: Catalyst 6500 Release 12.2SX Software Configuration Guide - DHCP Snooping Binding Database
3: What is DHCP Snooping? - IONOS
4: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) Parameters
5: Configuring DHCP Snooping - Cisco
問題 #448
Refer to the exhibit.
To which device does Router1 send packets that are destined to host 10.10.13.165?
答案：C
問題 #449
Refer to the exhibit.
R5 is the current DR on the network, and R4 is the BDR. Their interfaces are flapping, so a network engineer wants the OSPF network to elect a different DR and BDR. Which set of configurations must the engineer implement?
A)
B)
C)
D)
答案：B
問題 #450
Refer to the exhibit.
The entire contents of the MAC address table are shown. Sales-4 sends a data frame to Sales-1.
What does the switch do as it receives the frame from Sales-4?
答案：B
解題說明：
https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=3089352&seqNum=6
問題 #451
Drag the descriptions of IP protocol transmissions from the left onto the IP traffic types on the right.
答案：
解題說明：
Explanation:
This item belongs to Cisco CCNA 200-301 v1.1 Network Fundamentals, where the exam measures whether the candidate can match a technology, field, protocol, or network behavior to its correct operational role. The important step is to classify each left-side item by what it actually does, not by a similar-sounding term. For example, management protocols, address types, QoS mechanisms, wireless settings, and topology terms all have strict meanings in Cisco documentation and IOS behavior. A wrong match usually places a function at the wrong layer or assigns a feature to the wrong control point. The shown mapping keeps those boundaries intact: the component that performs the function is paired with the matching description, while unrelated distractors are left unused or mapped elsewhere. In real troubleshooting, this same skill prevents engineers from applying a security, routing, switching, or automation feature in the wrong part of the design.
問題 #452
......
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200-301題庫下載: https://tw.fast2test.com/200-301-premium-file.html
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