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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Use image admission controllers to prevent use of untrusted images - Understand the container build process - Use distroless images for static workload - Minimize base image footprint - Sign container images and verify signatures - Understand the software supply chain best practices - Use static analysis tools to detect vulnerabilities - Understand image security scanning and its workflow |
| Topic 2: Cluster Setup | 10% | - Use role-based access control (RBAC) to minimize exposure - Understand the security implications of embedding cloud provider flags - Use Cis benchmarks to check Kubernetes cluster settings - Implement Pod-to-Pod encryption using mTLS or WireGuard - Manage sensitive information in clusters - Configure TLS certificates and minimum version for etcd - Use Pod Security Policies to control security-related pod behaviors |
| Topic 3: System Hardening | 15% | - Kernel defaults and parameters using sysctl - Modify host components to improve security - Understand the concept of OPA (Open Policy Agent) and Gatekeeper - Enable audit logging |
| Topic 4: Cluster Hardening | 15% | - Minimize admission of containers without a security context - Minimize admission of containers with capabilities assigned - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host IPC namespace - Minimize admission of containers that allow host namespaces - Minimize admission of containers without seccomp profiles - Minimize admission of containers with raw block devices - Minimize admission of containers with FlexVolume volumes - Minimize admission of containers with allowPrivilegeEscalation - Minimize admission of containers without AppArmor profile - Minimize admission of containers with hostPath volumes - Minimize admission of containers with added capabilities - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host network namespace - Minimize admission of privileged containers - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host process namespace |
| Topic 5: Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - Use AppArmor or seccomp profiles to constrain container behavior - Use OPA Gatekeeper to enforce security controls - Use PSP to enforce security controls - Set appropriate security contexts for pods and containers - Understand the principle of immutable containers - Configure network policies for namespace isolation |
| Topic 6: Monitoring, Logging, and Runtime Security | 20% | - Understand and monitor network traffic - Perform behavioral analytics to detect malicious activity - Detect threats at the container level - Audit and detect logs and events for anomalies - Falco - container security monitoring and threat detection - Minimize the attack surface using container health indicators |
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NEW QUESTION # 59
You are tasked with implementing a security policy that prohibits the use of privileged containers in your Kubernetes cluster. Implement a solution that uses KubeLinter to enforce this policy by automatically scanning all deployments and preventing deployments that violate the policy.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step):
1. Install KubeLinter: Download and install the 'kubevar binary from the official GitHub repository.
2. Create a custom KubeLinter check: Define a custom check that prohibits the use of privileged containers. This check can be defined in a separate
YAML file or embedded in your '.kubeval.yaml configuration file.
3. Configure KubeLinter to use the custom check: Add the custom check to your .kuoeval.yaml configuration file.
4. Integrate KubeLinter into your CI/CD pipeline: Add a step to your pipeline that runs KubeLinter against your deployment YAML manifests. This step should be executed before the manifests are deployed to the cluster.
5. (Optional) Implement an admission controller: For real-time enforcement, deploy an admission controller that uses KubeLinter to validate deployments as they are created or updated. This will prevent any deployments that violate the policy from being created in the cluster. Tools like Kyverno or Gatekeeper can be used to create and enforce such policies.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Enable audit logs in the cluster, To Do so, enable the log backend, and ensure that
1. logs are stored at /var/log/kubernetes/kubernetes-logs.txt.
2. Log files are retained for 5 days.
3. at maximum, a number of 10 old audit logs files are retained.
Edit and extend the basic policy to log:
1. Cronjobs changes at RequestResponse
2. Log the request body of deployments changes in the namespace kube-system.
3. Log all other resources in core and extensions at the Request level.
4. Don't log watch requests by the "system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 61
SIMULATION
On the Cluster worker node, enforce the prepared AppArmor profile
#include <tunables/global>
profile docker-nginx flags=(attach_disconnected,mediate_deleted) {
#include <abstractions/base>
network inet tcp,
network inet udp,
network inet icmp,
deny network raw,
deny network packet,
file,
umount,
deny /bin/** wl,
deny /boot/** wl,
deny /dev/** wl,
deny /etc/** wl,
deny /home/** wl,
deny /lib/** wl,
deny /lib64/** wl,
deny /media/** wl,
deny /mnt/** wl,
deny /opt/** wl,
deny /proc/** wl,
deny /root/** wl,
deny /sbin/** wl,
deny /srv/** wl,
deny /tmp/** wl,
deny /sys/** wl,
deny /usr/** wl,
audit /** w,
/var/run/nginx.pid w,
/usr/sbin/nginx ix,
deny /bin/dash mrwklx,
deny /bin/sh mrwklx,
deny /usr/bin/top mrwklx,
capability chown,
capability dac_override,
capability setuid,
capability setgid,
capability net_bind_service,
deny @{PROC}/* w, # deny write for all files directly in /proc (not in a subdir)
# deny write to files not in /proc/<number>/** or /proc/sys/**
deny @{PROC}/{[
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