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NEW QUESTION # 48
A web application uses Vault's transit secrets engine to encrypt data in-transit. If an attacker intercepts the data in transit which of the following statements are true? Choose two correct answers.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
A web application that uses Vault's transit secrets engine to encrypt data in-transit can benefit from the following security features:
* Even if the attacker was able to access the raw data, they would only have encrypted bits (TLS in transit). This means that the attacker would need to obtain the encryption key from Vault in order to decrypt the data, which is protected by Vault's authentication and authorization mechanisms. The transit secrets engine does not store the data sent to it, so the attacker cannot access the data from Vault either.
* The keys can be rotated and min_decryption_version moved forward to ensure this data cannot be decrypted. This means that the web application can periodically change the encryption key used to encrypt the data, and set a minimum decryption version for the key, which prevents older versions of the key from being used to decrypt the data. This way, even if the attacker somehow obtained an old version of the key, they would not be able to decrypt the data that was encrypted with a newer version of the key.
The other statements are not true, because:
* You cannot rotate the encryption key so that the attacker won't be able to decrypt the data. Rotating the key alone does not prevent the attacker from decrypting the data, as they may still have access to the old version of the key that was used to encrypt the data. You need to also move the min_decryption_version forward to invalidate the old version of the key.
* The Vault administrator would not need to seal the Vault server immediately. Sealing the Vault server would make it inaccessible to both the attacker and the legitimate users, and would require unsealing it with the unseal keys or the recovery keys. Sealing the Vault server is a last resort option in case of a severe compromise or emergency, and is not necessary in this scenario, as the attacker does not have access to the encryption key or the data in Vault. References: Transit - Secrets Engines | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Encryption as a service: transit secrets engine | Vault | HashiCorp Developer
NEW QUESTION # 49
From the options below, select the auth methods that are better suited for machine-to-machine authentication (select five):
Answer: A,B,D,E,F
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Machine-to-machine (M2M) auth methods in Vault enable automated systems to authenticate without human interaction. Let's assess:
* A: Kubernetes- Uses service account tokens for pods. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"Kubernetes auth...
ideal for workloads in Kubernetes clusters."
* B: GitHub- User-focused, requires human GitHub login. Incorrect.Vault Docs Insight:"GitHub auth... typically for human users."
* C: TLS- Certificate-based, perfect for M2M. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"TLS auth uses certificates...
suited for machine authentication."
* D: Token- Pre-generated tokens for automation. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"Token auth... can be used by machines with proper management."
* E: AppRole- RoleID/SecretID for apps. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"AppRole is designed for machine-to-machine authentication..."
* F: AWS- IAM roles for AWS resources. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"AWS auth... automated for AWS-based machines."
* G: LDAP- User directory-based, human-oriented. Incorrect.Vault Docs Insight:"LDAP... commonly for human user authentication."
* H: OIDC- User SSO, not M2M.Incorrect.Vault Docs Insight:"OIDC... for human single sign-on." Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"Examples of machine auth methods include AppRole, AWS, Kubernetes, TLS, and Token... Human auth methods include LDAP, GitHub, OIDC." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth
NEW QUESTION # 50
How many Shamir's key shares are required to unseal a Vault instance?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Shamir's Secret Sharing is a cryptographic algorithm that allows a secret to be split into multiple parts, called key shares, such that a certain number of key shares are required to reconstruct the secret. The number of key shares and the threshold number are configurable parameters that depend on the desired level of security and availability. Vault uses Shamir's Secret Sharing to protect its master key, which is used to encrypt and decrypt the data encryption key that secures the Vault data. When Vault is initialized, it generates a master key and splits it into a configured number of key shares, which are then distributed to trusted operators. To unseal Vault, the threshold number of key shares must be provided to reconstruct the master key and decrypt the data encryption key. This process ensures that no single operator can access the Vault data without the cooperation of other key holders. References: https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/seal4, https://developer.
hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/operator/init5, https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands
/operator/unseal6
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following are valid types of tokens available in Vault? (Select five)
Answer: B,C,D,E,F
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Vault supports several token types, each with distinct characteristics:
* B. Batch token: "Batch tokens are encrypted binary large objects (blobs) that carry just enough information for authentication." They are lightweight and non-renewable.
* C. Orphan service token: "Orphan tokens are not children of their parent; therefore, do not expire when their parent does." A valid subtype of service tokens.
* D. Service token: "Service token is the general token that most people talk about when referring to a token in Vault." The standard token type.
* E. Root token: "Root tokens are the most powerful tokens in Vault and have full control." Created during initialization.
* F. Periodic service token: "Periodic service tokens have a TTL, but no max TTL," renewing automatically for long-running tasks.
* Incorrect Option:
* A. Primary token: "Not a valid token type in Vault." No such term exists in Vault's documentation.
These token types cater to various use cases, from ephemeral to privileged access.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/tokens
NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following secrets engines can store static secrets in Vault for future retrieval?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
For static secrets:
* A. KV: "The KV secrets engine is the ONLY secrets engine that will store static data in Vault for future retrieval."
* Incorrect Options:
* B, C, D: Generate or encrypt, don't store static secrets.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets#secrets-engines
NEW QUESTION # 53
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