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Introduction-to-Cryptography題庫 & Introduction-to-Cryptography考試內容

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最新的 Courses and Certificates Introduction-to-Cryptography 免費考試真題 (Q19-Q24):

問題 #19
(What is a characteristic of a hash function?)

• A. Reversible
• B. Public-private key pair use
• C. One-way
• D. Data encryption

答案：C

解題說明：
A cryptographic hash function maps input data of arbitrary length to a fixed-length digest and is designed to be one-way: given a digest, it should be computationally infeasible to recover the original input (preimage resistance). This one-way property enables many security applications: file integrity checking (any change alters the digest), password storage (combined with salt and slow hashing), digital signatures (signing a digest rather than large data), and commitment schemes. Hash functions are not encryption because they do not support decryption; they intentionally discard information about the input. They also do not use public/private key pairs; those are features of asymmetric cryptography. "Reversible" is the opposite of the intended design goal. A well-designed hash also aims for collision resistance (hard to find two different inputs with the same digest) and second-preimage resistance. Among the answer choices, the defining characteristic that best captures what makes a hash function distinct is that it is one-way.

問題 #20
(Which encryption algorithm encrypts with one key, decrypts with another key, and then encrypts with the first key?)

• A. IDEA
• B. DES
• C. AES
• D. 3DES

答案：D

解題說明：
3DES (Triple DES) commonly uses an Encrypt-Decrypt-Encrypt (EDE) sequence. In the two-key form, it encrypts with key K1, decrypts with key K2, then encrypts again with K1. In the three-key form, it encrypts with K1, decrypts with K2, then encrypts with K3. The EDE construction was chosen partly for backward compatibility: if K1=K2=K3, the scheme reduces to single DES, allowing older systems to interoperate in constrained ways. AES and IDEA do not use an EDE triple-stage process as their defining structure; they are single-pass block ciphers with internal rounds. DES is a single-pass algorithm (one key) rather than a triple application with multiple keys. Therefore, the algorithm described-encrypt with one key, decrypt with another, encrypt with the first-is 3DES. Although now considered legacy, it remains a classic example of increasing effective security by applying a block cipher multiple times with independent keys.

問題 #21
(What is the length (in bits) of a SHA-1 hash output?)

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

答案：D

解題說明：
SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) produces a fixed-size output of 160 bits (20 bytes). Hash output size matters in cryptography because it influences collision resistance and the effort required for various attacks. For an ideal n-bit hash, finding a collision by generic means is expected around 2

從Google Drive中免費下載最新的KaoGuTi Introduction-to-Cryptography PDF版考試題庫：https://drive.google.com/open?id=163XFgmRD5blgczxio7A8HbmoxypMl575