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This format is for candidates who do not have the time or energy to use a computer or laptop for preparation. The CEHPC PDF file includes real CEHPC questions, and they can be easily printed and studied at any time. ValidBraindumps regularly updates its PDF file to ensure that its readers have access to the updated questions.
NEW QUESTION # 27
What is malware?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Malware, short for "malicious software," is a broad category of software specifically engineered to perform unauthorized and often harmful actions on a computer system, network, or device. Its primary characteristic is that it operateswithout the owner's consent. Malware is the primary tool used by cybercriminals to achieve various objectives, ranging from financial gain to corporate espionage and simple disruption.
Malware encompasses several distinct types, each with its own method of infection and goal:
* Viruses and Worms: Designed to spread from one file or computer to another, often damaging data or consuming network bandwidth along the way.
* Trojan Horses: Programs that disguise themselves as legitimate software to trick users into installing them, only to reveal a malicious "payload" once active.
* Ransomware: Encrypts the victim's data and demands payment for the decryption key.
* Spyware and Stealers: Secretly monitor user activity or steal sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers.
* Rootkits: Specialized malware designed to provide high-level "root" access while remaining hidden from the operating system and antivirus software.
Ethical hackers study malware to understand how to defend against it. This involves analyzing "Attack Vectors" (how malware enters a system), "Persistence Mechanisms" (how it stays there), and "Command and Control" (how it communicates with the attacker). Protecting against malware requires a multi-layered defense strategy, including updated antivirus software, strictAcceptable Use Policies (AUP), and regular vulnerability scanning to close the gaps that malware exploits to infect systems.
NEW QUESTION # 28
What is a public IP?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A public IP address is a fundamental element of the global internet infrastructure, serving as a unique identifier for a device or network gateway on the public web. These addresses are assigned by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to their customers. Unlike private IP addresses, which are used for internal communication within a local network (like your home or office Wi-Fi), a public IP is globally unique and routable across the entire internet.
In the context of information security, the public IP represents the "front door" of an organization's digital presence. It is the address that external servers, websites, and hackers see when a connection is made. For example, when an ethical hacker performs an "External Penetration Test," they are targeting the organization' s public IP to see what services (like web servers or VPN gateways) are exposed to the world.
Understanding the difference between a public IP and a private IP is crucial for managing security perimeters.
While a modem or router might assign private IPs to internal devices (Option B), the router itself holds the public IP assigned by the ISP to communicate with the rest of the world. Protecting the public IP involve using firewalls and intrusion prevention systems to ensure that only legitimate traffic is allowed into the internal network. Because this address is visible to everyone, it is often the first point of contact for reconnaissance activities like port scanning or Google Dorking, making it a vital element to monitor and secure.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Can Nmap be used for vulnerability scanning?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Nmap (Network Mapper) is primarily known as a powerful tool for network discovery and port scanning, but it also possesses robust vulnerability scanning capabilities through theNmap Scripting Engine (NSE). The NSE allows users to write and share simple scripts to automate a wide variety of networking tasks. One of the core categories of scripts available in the NSE is vuln, which is specifically designed to detect known security vulnerabilities on the targets being scanned.
When an ethical hacker runs a scan with the flag --script vuln, Nmap will not only identify open ports but will also cross-reference the discovered services against its internal database of vulnerabilities. For example, if Nmap detects an old version of an SMB service, it can run specific scripts to check if that service is vulnerable to well-known exploits like EternalBlue (MS17-010).
While dedicated vulnerability scanners like Nessus or OpenVAS offer more comprehensive databases and reporting features, Nmap's vulnerability scanning is highly valued for being fast, lightweight, and scriptable.
It is an excellent tool for "quick-look" assessments during the reconnaissance phase. By using NSE, testers can also perform tasks beyond simple vulnerability detection, such as:
* Brute-forcing: Attempting to guess passwords for services like SSH or FTP.
* Malware Detection: Identifying if a server has been infected by certain types of worms or backdoors.
* Configuration Auditing: Checking for insecure default settings.
Integrating Nmap's vulnerability scanning into a penetration testing workflow allows for a more seamless transition from discovery to exploitation, making it one of the most versatile tools in a security professional's toolkit.
NEW QUESTION # 30
What is an Acceptable Use Policy?
Answer: C
Explanation:
An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a foundational administrative control and a formal document that outlines the rules and behaviors expected of employees, contractors, and other stakeholders when using an organization's information technology assets. These assets include computers, networks, internet access, email systems, and mobile devices. The primary purpose of an AUP is to protect the organization from legal liability, security breaches, and productivity losses by clearly defining what constitutes "acceptable" versus
"forbidden" activity.
A robust AUP typically covers several key areas:
* Prohibited Activities: Explicitly forbidding illegal acts, harassment, accessing inappropriate content (such as pornography), or using company resources for personal gain.
* Data Protection: Requiring employees to protect passwords and sensitive data, and forbidding the unauthorized installation of software.
* Monitoring and Privacy: Informing users that the company reserves the right to monitor network traffic and that there is no expectation of privacy on corporate systems.
* Consequences: Stating the disciplinary actions that will be taken if the policy is violated.
From an ethical hacking and auditing perspective, the AUP is often the first document reviewed. If a user's poor security habits lead to a breach, the AUP provides the legal and administrative framework for the organization to respond. Furthermore, a well-communicated AUP serves as a "deterrent control," discouraging employees from engaging in risky behaviors that could open the door to social engineering or malware infections. It is a critical component of "Governance, Risk, and Compliance" (GRC) within any enterprise.
NEW QUESTION # 31
What is SQL Injection?
Answer: C
Explanation:
SQL Injection is acritical web application vulnerabilitythat allows attackers to manipulate SQL queries executed by a database, making option A the correct answer. This vulnerability occurs when user input is improperly validated or sanitized before being included in SQL statements.
By exploiting SQL Injection, attackers can bypass authentication, retrieve sensitive data, modify or delete database contents, and in some cases execute administrative operations on the database server. Ethical hackers test for SQL Injection during web application penetration testing to identify insecure coding practices.
Option B is incorrect because SQL Injection is not a database system. Option C is incorrect because SQL Injection allows unauthorized users to execute SQL commands, not just administrators.
From a defensive security perspective, SQL Injection highlights the importance of secure coding practices such as parameterized queries, prepared statements, input validation, and least-privilege database access.
SQL Injection remains a top threat due to legacy applications and poor development practices. Ethical hackers use controlled testing to demonstrate the real-world impact of these vulnerabilities and help organizations protect critical data assets.
NEW QUESTION # 32
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