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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Advanced BGP Features | 10% | - BGP route attributes and policies - Route reflectors and confederations - BGP path control and filtering |
| IPv6 Routing | 20% | - IPv6 addressing and transition technologies - OSPFv3 and IS-IS for IPv6 - BGP4+ and IPv6 route deployment |
| Advanced IGP Features | 17% | - IGP route selection and control - OSPF advanced features and optimization - IS-IS advanced features and convergence |
| MPLS Technologies | 19% | - MPLS basics and label distribution - MPLS VPN and traffic engineering - MPLS protection and fast reroute |
| Network Troubleshooting | 10% | - Troubleshooting routing and switching issues - Fault diagnosis and analysis methods |
| Advanced Ethernet Technologies | 10% | - Advanced link aggregation and reliability - VLAN stacking and QinQ - Ethernet OAM and protection mechanisms |
| Network O&M | 7% | - Performance optimization and capacity planning - Network monitoring and management tools |
| Network Cutover and Migration | 7% | - Service switchover and verification - Migration strategies and risk control |
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NEW QUESTION # 124
On the network shown in the figure, a network engineer finds that the path between PC1 and PC2 is not the optimal path , and all links along the path have the same cost .
Given this, which of the following routers may be the root bridges of the Layer 2 network?
Options:
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Understanding the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Root Bridge Selection
* Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops in a Layer 2 network by electing a Root Bridge and determining a loop-free topology.
* The Root Bridge is elected based on the lowest Bridge ID (BID) , which consists of:
* Priority Value (Lower is preferred, default is 32768).
* MAC Address (Lower MAC wins in case of a tie).
* The optimal forwarding path is chosen based on cost , which is usually determined by the link bandwidth .
Why the Path is Not Optimal?
* The network engineer states that all links have the same cost , meaning that the STP Root Bridge election determines the topology rather than cost differences.
* The fact that the path between PC1 and PC2 is suboptimal suggests that the Root Bridge may not be ideally placed .
Determining the Likely Root Bridge:
* The Root Bridge is the switch with the lowest BID (priority + MAC).
* All switches calculate the shortest path to the Root Bridge and place ports in either Forwarding or Blocking mode.
* From the diagram, the traffic is flowing through SW2 # SW4 # SW3 instead of directly via SW2 # SW3.
* This suggests that the Root Bridge is likely SW1 or SW4 because:
* Root Bridges do not block any ports.
* If SW1 or SW4 is the Root Bridge, the spanning tree topology might force the path to take a longer route.
Key Takeaways:
* Root Bridge selection influences the entire Layer 2 forwarding path.
* The lowest Bridge ID (priority + MAC) determines the Root Bridge.
* If a suboptimal path is taken, the Root Bridge is likely placed in a location that forces certain links to block.
* In this scenario, SW1 or SW4 is the most probable Root Bridge, forcing traffic through an unintended path.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology References:
* Huawei HCIP-Datacom Official Certification Guide , Chapter on Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Root Bridge Selection .
* Huawei Datacom Training Materials , Section on STP Convergence and Network Optimization .
* Huawei Datacom Configuration Guide , Command Reference for STP Root Bridge Selection and Path Calculation .
NEW QUESTION # 125
For high reliability purposes, the following LDP messages are transmitted through TCP: discovery messages, session messages, advertisement messages, and notification messages.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 126
(Drag and drop question) The configuration shown in the figure is performed on R2 to filter all incoming routes. Suppose there is an entry on R1 AS_Path attribute is [100 200 300 400] BGP routes need to be sent to R2, please help network administrators in Adjust the AS order in the AS_Path attribute of the route on R1 to ensure that the route entry will not be routed by R2 route
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