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ISQI CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Test Analysis and Design	25%	- Test case design - Test techniques 1. Black-box test techniques 2. Experience-based techniques 3. White-box test techniques
Fundamentals of Testing	20%	- Why testing is necessary - What is testing? - Seven testing principles
Tool Support for Testing	10%	- Benefits and risks of test automation - Test tools classification
Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle	15%	- Test types - Software development models - Test levels
Managing the Test Activities	20%	- Defect management - Risk-based testing - Test planning and estimation - Test monitoring and control
Static Testing	10%	- Static testing basics - Review process

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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 認定 CTFL_Syll_4.0 試験問題 (Q44-Q49):

質問 # 44
In branch testing, what is the significance of a conditional branch in a software program?

A. It marks a point where the program's execution will terminate bringing the program to a halt.
B. It signifies a comment or documentation within the code and it doesn't indicate a defect.
C. It represents a programming error and therefore a conditional branch should be avoided.
D. It indicates a decision point where the program can follow different paths based on specific conditions.

正解：D

解説：
In branch testing, a conditional branch represents a decision point in the software program where the flow of execution can take different paths based on specific conditions. For example, this could be an "if-else" statement, a "switch-case" statement, or loops where different execution paths are taken depending on the evaluated condition. This type of testing ensures that all possible paths and conditions are executed at least once, which helps in identifying any potential defects in different branches of the code.

質問 # 45
A typical objective of testing is to ensure that:

A. testing is used to drive the development of a software
B. a software has been properly covered
C. there are no defects in a software that is about to be released
D. a software has been tested using a combination of test techniques

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
This answer is correct because a typical objective of testing is to ensure that a software has been tested using a combination of test techniques, such as black-box, white-box, or experience-based techniques, that are appropriate for the test objectives, test levels, and test types. Testing using a combination of test techniques can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of testing, as different techniques can target different aspects of the software quality, such as functionality, usability, performance, security, reliability, etc. Testing using a combination of test techniques can also reduce the risk of missing defects that could be detected by one technique but not by another. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.3.1.1, Section
2.3.2

質問 # 46
The fact that defects are usually not evenly distributed among the various modules that make up a software application, but rather their distribution tend to reflect the Pareto principle:

A. is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Bug prediction'
B. is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Defects cluster together'
C. is expressed by the testing principle referred to as Tests wear out'
D. is a false myth

正解：B

解説：
The fact that defects are usually not evenly distributed among the various modules that make up a software application, but rather their distribution tend to reflect the Pareto principle, is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Defects cluster together'. This principle states that a small number of modules contain most of the defects detected, or that a small number of causes are responsible for most of the defects. This principle can be used to guide the test analysis and design activities, by prioritizing the testing of the most critical or risky modules, or by applying more rigorous test techniques to them. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 1.2.1, page 11; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 16.

質問 # 47
Which sequence of state transitions is INCORRECT in accordance with the following description?
To provide for disaster recovery a system (designated as A) has been provided with a backup system (designated as B). Only one of them can be active at a time. When A goes down, B becomes active. When A comes back up then B becomes inactive and A becomes active again. However, when A is down and B also goes down then a message is sent to the system administrator. After this once A comes back up, A becomes active or if B comes up then B becomes Active.

A. A is active and B is inactive then A goes down, B becomes active.
B. A comes up when B is active and A was down. Now A becomes active and B becomes inactive.
C. A is active and B is inactive. A goes down. B becomes active then B goes down. A is made active
D. A and B are both down then A and B both come back up at the same time. A should become the active system and B should be inactive

正解：D

解説：
According to the description provided, when both systems A and B come back up at the same time, the process should involve a decision about which system should become active. However, the description states that if both systems come up simultaneously, one should become active based on a specific condition or precedence. Generally, in disaster recovery systems, there are protocols to avoid both systems becoming active simultaneously to prevent conflicts. Therefore, the transition where both A and B come back up at the same time and A becomes active while B becomes inactive without any conflict or decision-making step is incorrect.

質問 # 48
Test automation allows you to:

A. demonstrate the absence of defects
B. avoid performing exploratory testing
C. increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects
D. produce tests that are less subject to human errors

正解：D

解説：
Test automation allows you to produce tests that are less subject to human errors, as they can execute predefined test scripts or test cases with consistent inputs, outputs, and expected results. Test automation can also reduce the manual effort and time required to execute repetitive or tedious tests, such as regression tests, performance tests, or data-driven tests. Test automation does not demonstrate the absence of defects, as it can only verify the expected behavior of the system under test, not the unexpected or unknown behavior. Test automation does not avoid performing exploratory testing, as exploratory testing is a valuable technique to discover new information, risks, or defects that are not covered by automated tests. Test automation does not increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects, as defect management is a separate activity that involves reporting, tracking, analyzing, and resolving defects, which may or may not be related to automated tests. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 3.3.1, Test Automation1 ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test Automation2

質問 # 49
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