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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Apply governance and compliance best practices - Implement data security controls |
| Topic 2: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Troubleshoot data workflow issues - Monitor and maintain data pipelines |
| Topic 3: Data Store Management | 26% | - Select appropriate data storage solutions - Optimize storage performance and cost |
| Topic 4: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Build and manage data pipelines - Ingest and transform data using AWS services |
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NEW QUESTION # 213
A company has a data pipeline that processes transaction data in real time. The company needs a notification system that alerts different teams based on the type of processing error without any delay. For security-related errors, the system must immediately notify the security team. For data validation errors, the system must notify the data quality team. For system errors, the system must notify the operations team.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option B is the best answer because Amazon EventBridge is designed to route events based on matching rules, and each rule can use a specific event pattern to match only the relevant error type and then send that event to the correct target. AWS states that EventBridge event buses receive events and deliver them to targets, and that rules can match on event details and route matching events accordingly. This makes it ideal for real-time error classification with very little custom code. An SNS topic per team then provides immediate push-based notification delivery.
Option A adds unnecessary operational overhead because Lambda would be doing routing logic that EventBridge rules already handle natively. Option C is weaker because SQS is pull-based; teams must poll queues, which is not the best fit for "without any delay" notifications. AWS documentation explicitly describes SQS consumption through polling. Option D is also not the best fit because CloudWatch alarms are threshold-based metric monitors, not event routers for per-message error classification.
This aligns with the study guide's emphasis on using managed AWS services to automate and orchestrate pipeline actions with the least overhead.
NEW QUESTION # 214
A data engineer uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest and process records that contain user behavior data from an application every day.
The data engineer notices that the data stream is experiencing throttling because hot shards receive much more data than other shards in the data stream.
How should the data engineer resolve the throttling issue?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 215
A company uses AWS Step Functions to orchestrate a data pipeline. The pipeline consists of Amazon EMR jobs that ingest data from data sources and store the data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The pipeline also includes EMR jobs that load the data to Amazon Redshift.
The company's cloud infrastructure team manually built a Step Functions state machine. The cloud infrastructure team launched an EMR cluster into a VPC to support the EMR jobs. However, the deployed Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs.
Which combination of steps should the company take to identify the reason the Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
To identify the reason why the Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs, the company should take the following steps:
* Verify that the Step Functions state machine code has all IAM permissions that are necessary to create and run the EMR jobs. The state machine code should have an IAM role that allows it to invoke the EMR APIs, such as RunJobFlow, AddJobFlowSteps, and DescribeStep. The state machine code should also have IAM permissions to access the Amazon S3 buckets that the EMR jobs use as input and output locations. The company can use Access Analyzer for S3 to check the access policies and permissions of the S3 buckets12. Therefore, option B is correct.
* Query the flow logs for the VPC. The flow logs can provide information about the network traffic to and from the EMR cluster that is launched in the VPC. The company can use the flow logs to determine whether the traffic that originates from the EMR cluster can successfully reach the data providers, such as Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, or other external sources. The company can also determine whether any security group that might be attached to the EMR cluster allows connections to the data source servers on the informed ports. The company can use Amazon VPC Flow Logs or Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the flow logs3 . Therefore, option D is correct.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests using AWS CloudFormation to automate the Step Functions state machine deployment. While this is a good practice to ensure consistency and repeatability of the deployment, it does not help to identify the reason why the state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs. Moreover, creating a step to pause the state machine during the EMR jobs that fail and wait for a human user to send approval through an email message is not a reliable way to troubleshoot the issue. The company should use the Step Functions console or API to monitor the execution historyand status of the state machine, and use Amazon CloudWatch to view the logs and metrics of the EMR jobs .
Option C is incorrect because it suggests changing the AWS Step Functions state machine code to use Amazon EMR on EKS. Amazon EMR on EKS is a service that allows you to run EMR jobs on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters. While this service has some benefits, such as lower cost and faster execution time, it does not support all the features and integrations that EMR on EC2 does, such as EMR Notebooks, EMR Studio, and EMRFS. Therefore, changing the state machine code to use EMR on EKS may not be compatible with the existing data pipeline and may introduce new issues.
Option E is incorrect because it suggests checking the retry scenarios that the company configured for the EMR jobs. While this is a good practice to handle transient failures and errors, it does not help to identify the root cause of why the state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs. Moreover, increasing the number of seconds in the interval between each EMR task may not improve the success rate of the jobs, and may increase the execution time and cost of the state machine. Configuring an Amazon SNS topic to store the error messages may help to notify the company of any failures, but it does not provide enough information to troubleshoot the issue.
:
1: Manage an Amazon EMR Job - AWS Step Functions
2: Access Analyzer for S3 - Amazon Simple Storage Service
3: Working with Amazon EMR and VPC Flow Logs - Amazon EMR
[4]: Analyzing VPC Flow Logs with Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
[5]: Monitor AWS Step Functions - AWS Step Functions
[6]: Monitor Amazon EMR clusters - Amazon EMR
[7]: Amazon EMR on Amazon EKS - Amazon EMR
NEW QUESTION # 216
A company needs to build a data lake in AWS. The company must provide row-level data access and column-level data access to specific teams. The teams will access the data by using Amazon Athena, Amazon Redshift Spectrum, and Apache Hive from Amazon EMR.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option D is the best solution to meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because AWS Lake Formation is a fully managed service that simplifies the process of building, securing, and managing data lakes. AWS Lake Formation allows you to define granular data access policies at the row and column level for different users and groups. AWS Lake Formation also integrates with Amazon Athena, Amazon Redshift Spectrum, and Apache Hive on Amazon EMR, enabling these services to access the data in the data lake through AWS Lake Formation.
Option A is not a good solution because S3 access policies cannot restrict data access by rows and columns.
S3 access policies are based on the identity and permissions of the requester, the bucket and object ownership, and the object prefix and tags. S3 access policies cannot enforce fine-grained data access control at the row and column level.
Option B is not a good solution because it involves using Apache Ranger and Apache Pig, which are not fully managed services and require additional configuration and maintenance. Apache Ranger is a framework that provides centralized security administration for data stored in Hadoop clusters, such as Amazon EMR. Apache Ranger can enforce row-level and column-level access policies for Apache Hive tables. However, Apache Ranger is not a native AWS service and requires manual installation and configuration on Amazon EMR clusters. Apache Pig is a platform that allows you to analyze large data sets using a high-level scripting language called Pig Latin. Apache Pig can access data stored in Amazon S3 and process it using Apache Hive.
However,Apache Pig is not a native AWS service and requires manual installation and configuration on Amazon EMR clusters.
Option C is not a good solution because Amazon Redshift is not a suitable service for data lake storage.
Amazon Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service that allows you to run complex analytical queries using standard SQL. Amazon Redshift can enforce row-level and column-level access policies for different users and groups. However, Amazon Redshift is not designed to store and process large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data, which are typical characteristics of data lakes. Amazon Redshift is also more expensive and less scalable than Amazon S3 for data lake storage.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
What Is AWS Lake Formation? - AWS Lake Formation
Using AWS Lake Formation with Amazon Athena - AWS Lake Formation
Using AWS Lake Formation with Amazon Redshift Spectrum - AWS Lake Formation Using AWS Lake Formation with Apache Hive on Amazon EMR - AWS Lake Formation Using Bucket Policies and User Policies - Amazon Simple Storage Service Apache Ranger Apache Pig What Is Amazon Redshift? - Amazon Redshift
NEW QUESTION # 217
A company uses a variety of AWS and third-party data stores. The company wants to consolidate all the data into a central data warehouse to perform analytics. Users need fast response times for analytics queries.
The company uses Amazon QuickSight in direct query mode to visualize the data. Users normally run queries during a few hours each day with unpredictable spikes.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Problem Analysis:
* The company requires acentralized data warehousefor consolidating data from various sources.
* They useAmazon QuickSight in direct query mode, necessitatingfast response timesfor analytical queries.
* Users query the data intermittently, withunpredictable spikesduring the day.
* Operational overhead should be minimal.
* Key Considerations:
* The solution must support fast, SQL-based analytics.
* It must handle unpredictable spikes efficiently.
* Must integrate seamlessly withQuickSightfor direct querying.
* Minimize operational complexity and scaling concerns.
* Solution Analysis:
* Option A: Amazon Redshift Serverless
* Redshift Serverless eliminates the need for provisioning and managing clusters.
* Automatically scales compute capacity up or down based on query demand.
* Reduces operational overhead by handling performance optimization.
* Fully integrates withAmazon QuickSight, ensuring low-latency analytics.
* Reduces costs as it charges only for usage, making it ideal for workloads with intermittent spikes.
* Option B: Amazon Athena with S3 (Apache Parquet)
* Athena supports querying data directly from S3 in Parquet format.
* While it's cost-effective, performance depends on the size and complexity of the data.
* It is not optimized for high-speed analytics needed by QuickSight in direct query mode.
* Option C: Amazon Redshift Provisioned Clusters
* Requires manual cluster provisioning, scaling, and maintenance.
* Higher operational overhead compared to Redshift Serverless.
* Option D: Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
* Aurora is optimized for transactional databases, not data warehousing or analytics.
* Does not meet the requirement for fast analytics queries.
* Final Recommendation:
* Amazon Redshift Serverlessis the best choice for this use case because it provides fast analytics, integrates natively with QuickSight, and minimizes operational complexity while efficiently handling unpredictable spikes.
:
Amazon Redshift Serverless Overview
Amazon QuickSight and Redshift Integration
Athena vs. Redshift
NEW QUESTION # 218
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