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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Enterprise Firewall | - Troubleshooting
|
| Topic 2: SD-WAN | - Troubleshooting
|
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質問 # 72
Which Iwo troubleshooting steps should you perform lf you encounter issues with intermittent web filter behavior? (Choose two.)
正解:C、D
解説:
Intermittent behavior (working sometimes, failing others) points to resource or connectivity fluctuations rather than static misconfigurations.
B). Check that FortiGate is not entering conserve mode:
Reason: When FortiGate enters Conserve Mode (due to high memory usage), it changes its inspection behavior to save resources. Depending on the av-failopen setting, it may either bypass inspection (allowing blocked sites) or drop traffic (blocking valid sites) temporarily until memory recovers. This flapping between states causes intermittent filtering issues.
D). Check that the communication between FortiGate and FortiGuard is stable:
Reason: The Web Filter engine relies on real-time queries to the FortiGuard Distribution Network (FDN) to categorize URLs that are not in the local cache. If the internet connection or the specific path to FortiGuard is unstable (packet loss, latency), queries will time out. This results in " Rating Errors, " which can block or allow traffic unpredictably based on the " Allow websites when a rating error occurs " setting.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: A mismatch in inspection mode (e.g., Profile set to Proxy, Policy set to Flow) is a static configuration error. It would typically result in the profile not being selectable or consistently failing/not applying, rather than working intermittently.
C: If the wrong port is mapped (e.g., HTTP on 8080 is not mapped), the inspection engine will consistently ignore traffic on that port. It would not be intermittent.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Web Filter): " If the connection to FortiGuard is unstable, users may experience delays or rating errors... Conserve mode can cause the FortiGate to bypass inspection or drop packets. "
質問 # 73
Refer to the exhibit.
Partial output of a real-time OSPF debug is shown.
Which two reasons explain why the two FortiGate devices are unable to form an adjacency? (Choose two.)
正解:B、D
解説:
To determine the correct reasons for the adjacency failure, we must analyze the standard OSPF real-time debug output (diagnose ip router ospf all enable or diagnose sniffer packet) typically provided in this exam exhibit.
Analyze the Debug Output:
The debug output in this specific question scenario typically displays an incoming Hello packet line: OSPF:
RECV[Hello]: ... auth-type 0 ...
" RECV " : Indicates the packet is coming from the Remote peer.
" auth-type 0 " : Indicates the Remote peer is sending " Null " (No) authentication.
Analyze the Failure:
The adjacency fails because the Local FortiGate is rejecting this packet.
If the Local FortiGate accepts " No Authentication " , it would match auth-type 0 and form the adjacency.
Since it is failing (and producing a debug log), the Local FortiGate must be expecting a different authentication type (Type 1 Cleartext or Type 2 MD5).
Evaluate the Options:
A). The remote peer has either OSPF cleartext or MD5 authentication configured.
Incorrect. The debug shows auth-type 0 (No Auth) coming from the remote peer.
B). There is an OSPF authentication configuration mismatch.
Correct. One side is sending " No Auth " (Remote), and the other expects " Auth " (Local). This is a definition of a mismatch.
C). The local FortiGate does not have OSPF authentication configured.
Incorrect. If the Local unit had " No Auth " configured, it would match the Remote ' s auth-type 0, and the adjacency would come up. The failure implies the Local unit does have auth configured.
D). The local FortiGate has either OSPF cleartext or MD5 authentication configured.
Correct. Because the Local unit is rejecting the " No Auth " packet from the remote peer, it confirms that the Local unit has authentication enabled (expecting Type 1 or 2).
Conclusion: The breakdown of the OSPF negotiation shows that the Remote peer is sending no authentication (Type 0), while the Local FortiGate expects authentication, resulting in a mismatch.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (OSPF Troubleshooting): " Authentication mismatch is a common cause of OSPF adjacency failure. Debug commands (diagnose ip router ospf all enable) reveal the auth-type received versus expected. " FortiGate CLI Reference: auth-type 0 = Null (None), auth-type 1 = Simple (Cleartext), auth-type 2 = MD5.
質問 # 74
What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)
正解:B、C
質問 # 75
What can cause an IKEv2 tunnel to go down after it was initially brought up successfully?
正解:C
解説:
The correct answer is A.
The study guide explains the IKEv2 exchange order very clearly:
"The initial exchanges are: IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH."
"Create_Child_SA exchange: Creates a new child SA or rekeys an existing child SA." It also states:
"After successful IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH exchanges, the CHILD_SA exchange takes place. In this exchange, the peers negotiate the CHILD_SA and the traffic selectors - traffic selector responder (TSr) and traffic selector initiator (TSi)." That is why A is correct: if the tunnel was initially brought up successfully, then the initial exchanges already succeeded. A later problem during CREATE_CHILD_SA, especially with traffic selectors/phase 2 selectors, can cause the tunnel to fail during rekey or child-SA renegotiation.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because proposal mismatch for the IKE SA is handled during IKE_SA_INIT, not after the tunnel is already up. The study guide says IKE_SA_INIT negotiates the security settings to protect the IKE traffic C is wrong because a pre-shared key mismatch is part of authentication and would prevent successful initial establishment during IKE_AUTH. The study guide shows that after IKE_AUTH, "authentication succeeded" and "established IKE SA" when it works D is wrong because a Diffie-Hellman mismatch belongs to IKE_SA_INIT, which happens before the tunnel comes up. The study guide also states: "By IKEv2 design, no Diffie-Hellman public key is exchanged during an IKE_AUTH exchange." So the verified answer is: A.
質問 # 76
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial web fillet profile configuration.
Which action does FortiGate lake if a user attempts to access www. dropbox. com, which is categorized as File Sharing and Storage?
正解:A
解説:
https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-FortiGate-Static-URL-filter-actions-explained/ta-p
/206632
質問 # 77
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