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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Capital Budgeting | - Payback period analysis - Internal rate of return (IRR) - Net present value (NPV) |
| Topic 2: Financial Statement Analysis | - Cash flow analysis - Financial ratios - Balance sheet and income statement interpretation |
| Topic 3: Time Value of Money | - Annuities and perpetuities - Present and future value calculations |
| Topic 4: Risk and Return | - Portfolio risk and diversification - Expected return |
| Topic 5: Cost of Capital and Valuation | - Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) - Bond and stock valuation basics |
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質問 # 31
Which characteristic is unique to preferred stock?
正解：C
解説：
Preferred stock is distinguished by its fixed or stated dividend, which is typically paid before any dividends are distributed to common shareholders. This feature makes preferred stock resemble debt in terms of predictable income, while still being classified as equity on the balance sheet. Unlike common stockholders, preferred shareholders generally do not have voting rights and have limited potential for capital appreciation. However, they enjoy priority over common stockholders in dividend payments and, in liquidation, over residual equity claims. From a financial management standpoint, preferred stock provides firms with a flexible financing option that does not increase leverage in the same way as debt while offering investors relatively stable income. Option C correctly identifies the defining characteristic of preferred stock.
質問 # 32
Kretsmart anticipates its sales will grow by10% each year for the next two years. Information from the company's current income statement is given below, andCost of Goods Sold (COGS) is assumed to be a spontaneous account.
What would the company'sprojected gross margin for Year 2?
正解：A
解説：
When sales grow and cost of goods sold (COGS) is assumed to be a spontaneous account, COGS increases proportionally with sales. In the current year, Kretsmart's gross margin ratio is calculated as Gross Margin ÷ Sales = $55 ÷ $100 =55%, while COGS represents45%of sales.
Sales are projected to grow by 10% per year for two years. Therefore, projected sales for Year 2 are:
$100 × 1.10 × 1.10 =$121.00.
Since COGS remains 45% of sales, projected COGS for Year 2 equals:
$121.00 × 0.45 =$54.45.
Gross margin is then calculated as:
$121.00 # $54.45 =$66.55.
Financial management forecasting techniques commonly use percentage-of-sales assumptions for spontaneous accounts such as COGS, inventory, and receivables. This method allows managers to project future income statements consistently with expected growth. Option B ($66.55) correctly reflects the projected gross margin for Year 2 under these assumptions.
質問 # 33
Rusty RoboTech, a robotics technology company, has provided the following financial information for the year 20X3:
* Sales Revenue: $500,000
* Net Income: $50,000
* Dividend Payout: 40% of Net Income
* Total Assets at the beginning of 20X3: $300,000
* Total Liabilities at the beginning of 20X3: $150,000
* Equity at the beginning of 20X3: $150,000
* Historical Cash-to-Sales Ratio: 5%
* Accounts Receivable-to-Sales Ratio: 15%
* Inventory-to-Sales Ratio: 25%
* Cost of Goods Sold-to-Sales Ratio: 43%
For the year 20X4, Rusty RoboTech projects a 20% increase in sales revenue. Other ratios and the dividend policy are expected to remain the same.
What is the projected inventory value for Rusty RoboTech at the beginning of 20X4?
正解：B
解説：
Projected sales for 20X4 equal $500,000 × 1.20 = $600,000. With the inventory-to-sales ratio expected to remain constant at 25%, projected inventory equals 25% of projected sales. Thus, inventory = 0.25 ×
$600,000 = $150,000. This approach reflects common financial planning techniques where balance sheet items are forecast using stable ratios tied to sales growth. Such pro forma analysis helps managers anticipate future asset needs and financing requirements. Option D correctly applies the inventory-to- sales ratio to projected sales.
質問 # 34
How does asset tangibility affect a company's capital structure?
正解：C
質問 # 35
Which ratio indicates the ratio of a company's current assets relative to its current liabilities?
正解：D
解説：
The current ratio measures a company's short-term liquidity by comparing current assets to current liabilities.
It is calculated as Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities. This ratio indicates whether the firm has enough short- term resources, such as cash, accounts receivable, and inventory, to meet obligations due within one year. A current ratio above 1.0 generally suggests that current assets exceed current liabilities, although the ideal level depends on the industry and the nature of the business. Financial managers and analysts use the current ratio to evaluate liquidity risk, operating flexibility, and working capital strength. Choice B is correct because it directly matches the definition in the question. Choice A is incorrect because fixed asset turnover measures how efficiently fixed assets generate sales. Choice C is incorrect because working capital turnover focuses on sales relative to net working capital rather than simply comparing current assets and current liabilities. Choice D is incorrect because inventory turnover measures how efficiently inventory is sold and replaced. Therefore, B is the correct answer because the current ratio is the standard liquidity ratio used to compare current assets with current liabilities.
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質問 # 36
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