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| Certification Vendor: | Amazon Web Services (AWS) |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate |
| Exam Number: | MLA-C01 |
| Real Exam Qty: | 85 |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Passing Score: | 1000-2000 scaled score (passing score approximately 720) |
| Exam Duration: | 170 minutes |
| Related Certifications: | AWS Certified Developer - Associate AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate |
| Exam Price: | 150 USD |
| Exam Format: | Multiple response, Multiple choice |
| Available Languages: | Simplified Chinese, Japanese, English, Traditional Chinese, Korean |
| Sample Questions: | Amazon MLA-C01 Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online proctored (Pearson VUE) or in-person testing center |
| Pre Condition: | Recommended: 2+ years of ML engineering experience, familiarity with AWS ML services |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://aws.amazon.com/certification/certified-machine-learning-engineer-associate/ |
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問題 #82
Case Study
A company is building a web-based AI application by using Amazon SageMaker. The application will provide the following capabilities and features: ML experimentation, training, a central model registry, model deployment, and model monitoring.
The application must ensure secure and isolated use of training data during the ML lifecycle. The training data is stored in Amazon S3.
The company is experimenting with consecutive training jobs.
How can the company MINIMIZE infrastructure startup times for these jobs?
答案：B
解題說明：
When running consecutive training jobs in Amazon SageMaker, infrastructure provisioning can introduce latency, as each job typically requires the allocation and setup of compute resources. To minimize this startup time and enhance efficiency, Amazon SageMaker offers Managed Warm Pools.
Key Features of Managed Warm Pools:
Reduced Latency: Reusing existing infrastructure significantly reduces startup time for training jobs.
Configurable Retention Period: Allows retention of resources after training jobs complete, defined by the KeepAlivePeriodInSeconds parameter.
Automatic Matching: Subsequent jobs with matching configurations (e.g., instance type) can reuse retained infrastructure.
Implementation Steps:
Request Warm Pool Quota Increase: Increase the default resource quota for warm pools through AWS Service Quotas.
Configure Training Jobs:
Set KeepAlivePeriodInSeconds for the first training job to retain resources.
Ensure subsequent jobs match the retained pool ' s configuration to enable reuse.
Monitor Warm Pool Usage: Track warm pool status through the SageMaker console or API to confirm resource reuse.
Considerations:
Billing: Resources in warm pools are billable during the retention period.
Matching Requirements: Jobs must have consistent configurations to use warm pools effectively.
Alternative Options:
Managed Spot Training: Reduces costs by using spare capacity but doesn't address startup latency.
SageMaker Training Compiler: Optimizes training time but not infrastructure setup.
SageMaker Distributed Data Parallelism Library: Enhances training efficiency but doesn't reduce setup time.
By using Managed Warm Pools, the company can significantly reduce startup latency for consecutive training jobs, ensuring faster experimentation cycles with minimal operational overhead.
AWS Documentation: Managed Warm Pools
AWS Blog: Reduce ML Model Training Job Startup Time
問題 #83
An ML engineer is developing a classification model. The ML engineer needs to use custom libraries in processing jobs, training jobs, and pipelines in Amazon SageMaker AI.
Which solution will provide this functionality with the LEAST implementation effort?
答案：D
解題說明：
AWS documentation strongly recommends using custom Docker containers when ML workloads require consistent access to custom dependencies across processing jobs, training jobs, and pipelines.
By building a single Docker image that contains all required libraries and hosting it in Amazon ECR, the ML engineer ensures that every SageMaker job uses the same runtime environment. This approach eliminates the need for repetitive installation steps and avoids environment drift.
Manually installing libraries in managed containers is error-prone and not reusable across jobs. Notebook instances are not designed to host production jobs and pipelines. Running code externally breaks the SageMaker workflow and increases operational complexity.
Using a custom container is a one-time setup that provides maximum reuse with minimal ongoing effort, making it the least implementation effort option in the long run.
Therefore, Option B is the correct and AWS-recommended answer.
問題 #84
An ML engineer has trained a neural network by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD). The neural network performs poorly on the test set. The values for training loss and validation loss remain high and show an oscillating pattern. The values decrease for a few epochs and then increase for a few epochs before repeating the same cycle.
What should the ML engineer do to improve the training process?
答案：A
解題說明：
An oscillating loss pattern during training with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a strong indicator that the learning rate is too high. When the learning rate is excessive, the optimizer takes overly large steps during gradient updates, causing the model to repeatedly overshoot the optimal minimum of the loss function. This results in unstable convergence behavior, where training and validation loss decrease briefly and then increase again in a repeating cycle.
AWS Machine Learning documentation and general deep learning best practices recommend reducing the learning rate when training loss and validation loss both remain high and fluctuate rather than steadily decreasing. Lowering the learning rate allows the optimizer to take smaller, more precise steps toward the minimum, leading to smoother convergence and improved generalization on the test dataset.
Option A, early stopping, is used primarily to prevent overfitting when validation loss increases while training loss continues to decrease. In this scenario, both losses remain high and unstable, indicating an optimization issue rather than overfitting.
Option B is incorrect because increasing the test set size does not affect the training dynamics or convergence behavior of the model.
Option C would worsen the problem, as increasing the learning rate would further amplify oscillations and instability.
Therefore, decreasing the learning rate is the correct corrective action to stabilize SGD training and improve model performance.
問題 #85
A company runs an ML model on Amazon SageMaker AI. The company uses an automatic process that makes API calls to create training jobs for the model. The company has new compliance rules that prohibit the collection of aggregated metadata from training jobs.
Which solution will prevent SageMaker AI from collecting metadata from the training jobs?
答案：B
解題說明：
Amazon SageMaker AI automatically collects aggregated metadata from training jobs to improve service reliability, performance, and operational insights. This metadata can include information such as algorithm usage, instance types, resource utilization, and job configuration details. However, AWS documentation clearly states that customers can opt out of SageMaker metadata collection to meet regulatory or compliance requirements.
SageMaker provides a supported mechanism to disable metadata tracking at the training job level. By explicitly opting out of metadata tracking when submitting training jobs-either through the AWS Management Console, AWS CLI, or SDK-the service will stop collecting aggregated metadata for those jobs. This option is specifically designed for customers with strict compliance, data residency, or regulatory constraints.
Option B is incorrect because running training jobs in a private subnet within a custom VPC controls network isolation, not service-level telemetry or metadata collection. Metadata collection occurs at the SageMaker service layer and is independent of VPC configuration.
Option C is also incorrect because encrypting training data with a customer-managed AWS KMS key protects data at rest and in transit but does not prevent SageMaker from collecting operational metadata about training jobs.
Option D is incorrect because AWS Nitro instances provide enhanced security and performance isolation at the infrastructure level but have no impact on SageMaker's metadata collection mechanisms.
Therefore, opting out of metadata tracking for training jobs is the only solution that directly addresses the compliance requirement and is explicitly supported by AWS documentation.
問題 #86
A company has a team of data scientists who use Amazon SageMaker notebook instances to test ML models.
When the data scientists need new permissions, the company attaches the permissions to each individual role that was created during the creation of the SageMaker notebook instance.
The company needs to centralize management of the team's permissions.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
答案：A
解題說明：
Managing permissions for multiple Amazon SageMaker notebook instances can become complex when handled individually. To centralize and streamline permission management, AWS recommends creating a single IAM role with the necessary permissions and attaching this role to each notebook instance used by the data science team.
Steps to Implement the Solution:
* Create a Single IAM Role with Necessary Permissions:
* Define an IAM role that encompasses all permissions required by the data scientists for their tasks. This includes permissions for SageMaker operations and any other AWS services they interact with.
* AWS provides managed policies like AmazonSageMakerFullAccess that can be attached to the role to grant comprehensive SageMaker permissions.(IAM Policies for SageMaker)
* Attach the IAM Role to Each Notebook Instance:
* When creating or updating a SageMaker notebook instance, specify the IAM role created in the previous step. This ensures that all notebook instances operate under a consistent set of permissions.
* In the SageMaker console, during the notebook instance setup, you can choose an existing IAM role to associate with the instance.(Creating SageMaker Workspaces) Benefits of This Approach:
* Centralized Permission Management:By using a single IAM role, you simplify the process of updating permissions. Changes to the role's policies automatically propagate to all associated notebook instances, ensuring consistent access control.
* Adherence to Best Practices:AWS recommends using IAM roles to manage permissions for applications running on services like SageMaker. This approach avoids the need to manage individual user permissions separately.(IAM Best Practices for SageMaker) Alternative Options and Their Drawbacks:
* Option B:Creating a single IAM group and adding data scientists to it does not directly associate the group with notebook instances. IAM groups are used to manage user permissions, not to assign roles to AWS resources like notebook instances.
* Option C:Using a single IAM user with the AdministratorAccess policy is not recommended due to security risks associated with granting broad permissions and the challenges in managing shared user credentials.
* Option D:Associating an IAM group with a role and then with notebook instances is not a valid approach, as IAM groups cannot be directly associated with AWS resources.
Conclusion:Option A is the most effective solution to centralize and manage permissions for SageMaker notebook instances, aligning with AWS best practices for IAM role management.
References:
* AWS Documentation: IAM Policies for SageMaker
* AWS Documentation: Creating SageMaker Workspaces
* AWS Documentation: IAM Best Practices for SageMaker
問題 #87
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