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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - High availability setup - Kubernetes architecture components - Cluster installation and configuration |
| Topic 2: Storage | 10% | - Storage classes - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims |
| Topic 3: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Scheduling constraints - ConfigMaps and Secrets - Deployments and rolling updates |
| Topic 4: Services & Networking | 20% | - Services (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer) - Ingress configuration - Network policies |
| Topic 5: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Cluster component troubleshooting - Application and networking debugging |
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NEW QUESTION # 22
You have a Kubernetes cluster with a Deployment named 'web-app' running 3 replicas. One of the pods in the Deployment is consistently crashing, and you suspect it is due to resource limitations. You need to investigate the resource usage of the failing pod and adjust its resource requests and limits to prevent it from crashing.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Identify the Failing Pod:
- Use "kubectl get pods -l app=web-app' to list pods in the 'web-app' Deployment.
- Identify the pod that is consistently crashing. You might see an event in the pod's description like "Container
'web-app' exited with code 137" which indicates an OOMKilled event.
2. Examine Resource Usage:
- Get detailed information about the failing pod using 'kubectl describe pod '
- Look for the "Containers" section and pay attention to the resource usage metrics:
- CPU Usage: This will indicate how much CPU the container is using.
- Memory Usage: This shows how much memory the container is consuming.
- Resource Requests: This indicates how much CPU and memory the container is requesting.
- Resource Limits: This shows how much CPU and memory the container is allowed to use.
3. Adjust Resource Requests and Limits:
- Based on the resource usage and the "Resource Requests" and "Resource Limits" you observed in the previous step, increase the requests and limits for the container.
- Example: If the container consistently uses 200m CPU and 250Mi memory, increase the requests and limits to
250m CPU and 500Mi memory.
- Edit the Deployment YAML:
4. Update the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML using 'kubectl apply -f web-app.yamP 5. Monitor the Pod: - Observe the pod's resource usage and stability after the update. - You can use 'kubectl describe pod ' or 'kubectl top pod to monitor resource usage. 6. Further Troubleshooting: - If the pod continues to crash, you might need to consider other factors, such as: - Container image optimizations: Ensure the container image is optimized for efficient resource consumption. - Application code adjustments: Analyze the application code for any resource-intensive operations. - Vertical Pod Autoscaling (VPA): Configure VPA to automatically adjust the resource requests and limits of pods based on their resource usage.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Create a deployment as follows:
Name: nginx-random
Exposed via a service nginx-random
Ensure that the service & pod are accessible via their respective DNS records The container(s) within any pod(s) running as a part of this deployment should use the nginx Image Next, use the utility nslookup to look up the DNS records of the service & pod and write the output to
/opt/KUNW00601/service.dns and /opt/KUNW00601/pod.dns respectively.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
F:\Work\Data Entry Work\Data Entry\20200827\CKA\17 C.JPG
F:\Work\Data Entry Work\Data Entry\20200827\CKA\17 D.JPG
F:\Work\Data Entry Work\Data Entry\20200827\CKA\17 E.JPG
NEW QUESTION # 24
A Kubernetes worker node, named .Investigate why this is the case,
andperform any appropriate steps tobring the node to a state,ensuring that any changes are madepermanent.
You cansshto the failednode using:
[student@node-1] $ | sshWk8s-node-0
You can assume elevatedprivileges on the node with thefollowing command:
[student@w8ks-node-0] $ |sudo -i
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
NEW QUESTION # 25
You are setting up RBAC for a Kubernetes cluster with three namespaces: "development", "staging", and "production". You need to create a role binding that allows developers in the "development" namespace to create deployments, pods, and services, but only within their own namespace.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 Create a Role for Developers:
2. Create a Role Binding for Developers:
3. Replace 'developer-user' with the actual username of a developer. 4. Repeat steps 1-3 for other namespaces ("staging" and "production") with appropriate resource permissions and user names. 5. Verify the RBAC configuration: - Check that the roles and rolebindings are created successfully using 'kubectl get roles' and 'kubectl get rolebindings'. - Test the permissions by creating a pod, deployment, or service as a developer user in their respective namespaces. 6. If you encounter issues, review the configuration carefully, making sure the namespaces, roles, role bindings, and user names are correct.
NEW QUESTION # 26
You are running a Deployment named 'web-app' with 3 replicas of a web application container. The container image is hosted in a private registry accessible via a secret named 'my-registry-secret'. You need to implement a rolling update strategy that allows for a maximum of one pod to be unavailable at any given time during the update process. Additionally, you need to configure a 'pre-stop' hook for the container that gracefully shuts down the web application before it is terminated.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAML:
- Update the 'replicas' to 3.
- Define 'maxUnavailable: 1' and 'maxSurge: 0' in the 'strategy.rollingUpdate' section to control the rolling update process.
- Configure a 'strategy.type' to 'RollingUpdate' to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Add a Always' to ensure that the new image is pulled
even if it exists in the pod's local cache.
- Add a hook to define a script that gracefully shuts down
the web application before the pod is terminated.
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f web-app.yamP 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using 'kubectl get deployments web-app' to confirm the rollout and updated replica count. 4. Trigger the Automatic Update: - Push a new image to the 'my-private-registry/web-app:latest' private registry. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use "kubectl get pods -l app=web-app' to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. You will observe that one pod is terminated at a time, while one new pod with the updated image is created. 6. Check for Successful Update: - Once the deployment is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment web-app' to see that the 'updatedReplicas' field matches the 'replicas' field, indicating a successful update.
NEW QUESTION # 27
......
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