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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Object-Oriented Programming | - Attributes and Methods - Classes and Objects - Inheritance - Constructors (__init__) - Encapsulation |
| Topic 2: Python Fundamentals | - Input/Output Operations - Variables and Data Types - Operators and Expressions - Type Conversion |
| Topic 3: Control Structures | - Loops (for, while) - Conditional Statements (if, elif, else) - Nested Conditionals and Loops - Loop Control (break, continue, pass) |
| Topic 4: Data Structures | - Tuples - Sets - Dictionaries - String Manipulation - Lists and List Operations |
| Topic 5: Functions | - Scope (local and global) - Function Definition and Call - Return Values - Parameters and Arguments - Recursion |
| Topic 6: File Handling and Exceptions | - Exception Handling (try, except, finally) - Reading and Writing Files - Custom Exceptions |
| Topic 7: Testing and Debugging | - Debugging Techniques - Trace Errors - Unit Testing Concepts |
>> Foundations-of-Programming-Python最新日本語版参考書 <<
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質問 # 37
Complete the function update_grade(grades, student, new_grade) that takes a grades dictionary, a student name, and a new grade, then updates that student ' s grade and returns the dictionary.
For example, update_grade({ " Alice " : 85, " Bob " : 90}, " Alice " , 95) should return { " Alice " : 95, " Bob
" : 90}.
正解：D
解説：
A dictionary stores data as key-value pairs. In this function, the student name is the key, and the grade is the value.
Correct code:
def update_grade(grades, student, new_grade):
grades[student] = new_grade
return grades
Example:
update_grade({ " Alice " : 85, " Bob " : 90}, " Alice " , 95)
Result:
{ " Alice " : 95, " Bob " : 90}
Python's built-in types documentation includes dictionaries as mapping types, where values are accessed and updated using keys.
Therefore, the correct answer isA.
質問 # 38
Modify the function greet_with_default(name) by adding a default value of " World " to the name parameter so it can be called with or without an argument.
def greet_with_default(name):
# TODO: Add a default value of " World " to the name parameter
return " Hello " + name
正解：
解説：
See the Step by Step Solution below in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: A default parameter value allows a function to be called even when no argument is provided.
Step 2: The default value should be added in the function header.
Step 3: The parameter name should have the default value " World " .
Correct code:
def greet_with_default(name= " World " ):
return " Hello " + name
Example:
print(greet_with_default())
print(greet_with_default( " Alice " ))
Output:
Hello World
Hello Alice
質問 # 39
A program needs to update all values in a list by adding 5 to each number. Which for loop structure accomplishes this task?
正解：B
解説：
To update the actual values inside a list, the program must update each value by itsindex.
The correct code is:
for i in range(len(numbers)):
numbers[i] = numbers[i] + 5
Here, range(len(numbers)) produces valid index positions for the list. The variable i is used to access and update each list element.
Example:
numbers = [10, 20, 30]
for i in range(len(numbers)):
numbers[i] = numbers[i] + 5
print(numbers)
Output:
[15, 25, 35]
Option A does not correctly update the original list:
for number in numbers:
number = number + 5
This changes only the temporary loop variable number, not the actual elements stored inside the list.
Therefore, the correct answer isB.
質問 # 40
Write a complete function calculate_discount(price, discount_percent) that calculates and returns the final price after applying a discount percentage.
For example, calculate_discount(75, 20) should return 60.0.
def calculate_discount(price, discount_percent):
# TODO: Calculate and return the final price after discount
pass
正解：
解説：
See the Step by Step Solution below in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: The function receives the original price and the discount_percent.
Step 2: Convert the discount percentage into a decimal by dividing by 100.
Step 3: Subtract the discount from 1 to find the remaining price percentage.
Step 4: Multiply the original price by the remaining percentage.
Correct code:
def calculate_discount(price, discount_percent):
return price * (1 - discount_percent / 100)
Example:
print(calculate_discount(75, 20))
Output:
60.0
質問 # 41
Which punctuation mark must appear at the end of an if statement line?
正解：A
解説：
In Python, an if statement line must end with a colon.
Example:
age = 18
if age > = 18:
print( " Adult " )
The colon : tells Python that an indented block of code follows. That indented block contains the statements that should run when the condition is true.
A semicolon, period, or comma is not used to begin the body of an if statement in Python.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. : colon.
質問 # 42
......
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