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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Cloud and Container Attacks | 10% | - Cloud Attacks and Security
|
| Sniffing and Evasion | 10% | - Network Sniffing
|
| Cryptography and Post-Exploitation | 13% | - Post-Exploitation Techniques
|
| Reconnaissance Techniques | 21% | - Scanning Networks
|
| Web Application Attacks | 19% | - Hacking Web Servers and Web Applications
|
| Enumeration | 15% | - Enumeration Concepts
|
| Malware Threats | 8% | - Malware and Its Types
|
| System Hacking | 17% | - System Hacking Tools and Countermeasures
|
| Vulnerability Analysis | 7% | - Vulnerability Assessment Concepts
|
| Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks | 7% | - Mobile Platform Attack Vectors
|
| Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview | 6% | - Information Security Overview
|
| Wireless Network Attacks | 9% | - Wireless Hacking Methodology
|
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問題 #306
Calvin, a grey-hat hacker, targets a web application that has design flaws in its authentication mechanism. He enumerates usernames from the login form of the web application, which requests users to feed data and specifies the incorrect field in case of invalid credentials. Later, Calvin uses this information to perform social engineering.
Which of the following design flaws in the authentication mechanism is exploited by Calvin?
答案：B
解題說明：
Verbose failure messages are detailed error messages that reveal too much information about authentication failures. In the described scenario, the web application specifies whether the username or password is incorrect. This behavior enables attackers to:
Enumerate valid usernames by submitting random inputs and observing which error message is returned.
Use the valid usernames to conduct targeted attacks such as brute-force attempts or social engineering.
According to CEH v13:
Authentication mechanisms should provide generic error messages such as "Invalid username or password" to avoid exposing system behavior.
Verbose error messages violate the principle of "fail securely."
Incorrect Options:
A). Insecure transmission relates to credentials being sent over unencrypted channels (e.g., HTTP instead of HTTPS).
C). User impersonation involves taking on the identity of another user, not enumeration.
D). Password reset mechanisms are a different component of authentication, not mentioned in this context.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Courseware:
Module 14: Hacking Web Applications
Section: "Authentication Bypass Techniques"
Subsection: "Enumeration via Verbose Error Messages"
=
問題 #307
Johnson, an attacker, performed online research for the contact details of reputed cybersecurity firms. He found the contact number of sibertech.org and dialed the number, claiming himself to represent a technical support team from a vendor. He warned that a specific server is about to be compromised and requested sibertech.org to follow the provided instructions. Consequently, he prompted the victim to execute unusual commands and install malicious files, which were then used to collect and pass critical Information to Johnson's machine. What is the social engineering technique Steve employed in the above scenario?
答案：C
解題說明：
https://www.eccouncil.org/what-is-social-engineering/
This Social Engineering scam involves an exchange of information that can benefit both the victim and the trickster. Scammers would make the prey believe that a fair exchange will be present between both sides, but in reality, only the fraudster stands to benefit, leaving the victim hanging on to nothing. An example of a Quid Pro Quo is a scammer pretending to be an IT support technician. The con artist asks for the login credentials of the company's computer saying that the company is going to receive technical support in return. Once the victim has provided the credentials, the scammer now has control over the company's computer and may possibly load malware or steal personal information that can be a motive to commit identity theft.
"A quid pro quo attack (aka something for something" attack) is a variant of baiting. Instead of baiting a target with the promise of a good, a quid pro quo attack promises a service or a benefit based on the execution of a specific action." https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/common-social-engineering-attacks/#:~:
text=A%20quid%20pro%20quo%20attack,execution%20of%20a%20specific%20action.
問題 #308
You have compromised a server on a network and successfully opened a shell. You aimed to identify all operating systems running on the network. However, as you attempt to fingerprint all machines in the network using the nmap syntax below, it is not going through.
invictus@victim_server.~$ nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24 TCP/IP fingerprinting (for OS scan) xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. QUITTING!
What seems to be wrong?
答案：D
問題 #309
During a red team engagement, an ethical hacker is tasked with testing the security measures of an organization's wireless network. The hacker needs to select an appropriate tool to carry out a session hijacking attack. Which of the following tools should the hacker use to effectively perform session hijacking and subsequent security analysis, given that the target wireless network has the Wi-Fi Protected Access-preshared key (WPA-PSK) security protocol in place?
答案：B
解題說明：
bettercap is a tool that can perform session hijacking attacks on wireless networks, among other network security and penetration testing tasks. bettercap can capture and manipulate network traffic, perform man-in- the-middle attacks, spoof and sniff protocols, inject custom payloads, and more1.
bettercap can perform session hijacking attacks on wireless networks that use the WPA-PSK security protocol by exploiting the four-way handshake process that occurs when a client connects to a wireless access point.
The four-way handshake is used to establish a shared encryption key between the client and the access point, based on the pre-shared key (PSK) that is configured on both devices. However, the four-way handshake also exposes some information that can be used to crack the PSK offline, such as the nonce values, the MAC addresses, and the message integrity code (MIC) of the packets2.
bettercap can capture the four-way handshake packets using its Wi-Fi module and save them in a file. The file can then be fed to a tool like Hashcat or Aircrack-ng to crack the PSK using brute force or dictionary attacks. Once the PSK is obtained, bettercap can use it to decrypt the wireless traffic and perform session hijacking attacks on the clients connected to the access point3.
Therefore, bettercap is an appropriate tool to carry out a session hijacking attack on a wireless network that uses the WPA-PSK security protocol.
References:
bettercap: the Swiss Army knife for 802.11, BLE and Ethernet networks reconnaissance and MITM attacks How the WPA2 Enterprise Wireless Security Protocol Works Cracking WPA/WPA2 Passwords with Bettercap and Hashcat
問題 #310
what firewall evasion scanning technique make use of a zombie system that has low network activity as well as its fragment identification numbers?
答案：A
解題說明：
The idle scan could be a communications protocol port scan technique that consists of causing spoofed packets to a pc to seek out out what services square measure obtainable. this can be accomplished by impersonating another pc whose network traffic is extremely slow or nonexistent (that is, not transmission or receiving information). this might be associate idle pc, known as a "zombie".
This action are often done through common code network utilities like nmap and hping. The attack involves causing solid packets to a particular machine target in an attempt to seek out distinct characteristics of another zombie machine. The attack is refined as a result of there's no interaction between the offender pc and also the target: the offender interacts solely with the "zombie" pc.
This exploit functions with 2 functions, as a port scanner and a clerk of sure informatics relationships between machines. The target system interacts with the "zombie" pc and distinction in behavior are often discovered mistreatment totally different|completely different "zombies" with proof of various privileges granted by the target to different computers.
The overall intention behind the idle scan is to "check the port standing whereas remaining utterly invisible to the targeted host." The first step in execution associate idle scan is to seek out associate applicable zombie. It must assign informatics ID packets incrementally on a worldwide (rather than per-host it communicates with) basis. It ought to be idle (hence the scan name), as extraneous traffic can raise its informatics ID sequence, confusing the scan logic. The lower the latency between the offender and also the zombie, and between the zombie and also the target, the quicker the scan can proceed.
Note that once a port is open, IPIDs increment by a pair of. Following is that the sequence:
* offender to focus on -> SYN, target to zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to focus on -> RST (IPID increment by 1)
* currently offender tries to probe zombie for result. offender to Zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to offender -> RST (IPID increment by 1) So, during this method IPID increments by a pair of finally.
When associate idle scan is tried, tools (for example nmap) tests the projected zombie and reports any issues with it. If one does not work, attempt another. Enough net hosts square measure vulnerable that zombie candidates are not exhausting to seek out. a standard approach is to easily execute a ping sweep of some network. selecting a network close to your supply address, or close to the target, produces higher results. you' ll be able to attempt associate idle scan mistreatment every obtainable host from the ping sweep results till you discover one that works. As usual, it's best to raise permission before mistreatment someone's machines for surprising functions like idle scanning.
Simple network devices typically create nice zombies as a result of {they square measure|they're} normally each underused (idle) and designed with straightforward network stacks that are susceptible to informatics ID traffic detection.
While distinguishing an acceptable zombie takes some initial work, you'll be able to keep re-using the nice ones. as an alternative, there are some analysis on utilizing unplanned public internet services as zombie hosts to perform similar idle scans. leverage the approach a number of these services perform departing connections upon user submissions will function some quite poor's man idle scanning.
問題 #311
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