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NEW QUESTION # 149
When scoping a Level 2 assessment, which document is useful for understanding the process to successfully implement practices required for the various Levels of CMMC?
Answer: D
Explanation:
CMMC 2.0 Level 2 is directly aligned withNIST Special Publication (SP) 800-171, "Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations."Organizations seeking certification (OSC) at Level 2 must demonstrate compliance with the 110 security requirements specified inNIST SP 800-
171, as mandated byDFARS 252.204-7012.
* Defines the Security Requirements for Protecting CUI:
* NIST SP 800-171 outlines 110 security controls that contractors must implement to protectControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)in nonfederal systems.
* These controls are categorized under14 families, including access control, incident response, and risk management.
* Establishes the Baseline for CMMC Level 2 Compliance:
* CMMC 2.0 Level 2 assessments areentirely based on NIST SP 800-171requirements.
* Every practice assessed in a Level 2 certification maps directly to a requirement fromNIST SP
800-171 Rev. 2.
* Provides Guidance for Implementation & Assessment:
* TheNIST SP 800-171A "Assessment Guide"provides detailed assessment objectives that guide OSCs in preparing for CMMC evaluations.
* It helps define the scope of an assessment by clarifying how each control should be implemented and verified.
* Referenced in CMMC and DFARS Regulations:
* DFARS 252.204-7012requires contractors to implementNIST SP 800-171security requirements.
* TheCMMC 2.0 Level 2modeldirectly incorporates all 110 requirementsfromNIST SP 800-171, ensuring consistency with DoD cybersecurity expectations.
* A. NIST SP 800-53 ("Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations")
* This documentapplies to federal systems, not nonfederal entities handling CUI.
* While it is the foundation for other security standards, it isnot the basis of CMMC Level
2assessments.
* B. NIST SP 800-88 ("Guidelines for Media Sanitization")
* This documentfocuses on secure data destructionand media sanitization techniques.
* While data disposal is important, this standarddoes not define security controls for protecting CUI.
* D. NIST SP 800-172 ("Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting CUI")
* This documentbuilds on NIST SP 800-171and applies to systems needingadvanced cybersecurity protections(e.g., targeting Advanced Persistent Threats).
* It isnot required for standard CMMC Level 2 assessments, which only mandateNIST SP 800-171 compliance.
* NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2(NIST Official Site)
* NIST SP 800-171A (Assessment Guide)(NIST Official Site)
* CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Scoping Guide(Cyber AB)
Why NIST SP 800-171 is Essential for Level 2 Scoping:Explanation of Incorrect Answers:Key References for CMMC Level 2 Scoping:Conclusion:SinceCMMC 2.0 Level 2 assessments are based entirely on NIST SP
800-171, this document is the most relevant resource for scoping Level 2 assessments. Therefore, the correct answer is:
#C. NIST SP 800-171
NEW QUESTION # 150
According to the Configuration Management (CM) domain, which principle is the basis for defining essential system capabilities?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding the Principle of Least Functionality in the CM DomainTheConfiguration Management (CM) domainin CMMC 2.0 focuses on maintaining the security and integrity of an organization's systems through controlled configurations and restrictions on system capabilities.
The principle ofLeast Functionalityrefers to limiting a system's features, services, and applications to only those necessary for its intended purpose. This principle reduces the attack surface by minimizing unnecessary components that could be exploited by attackers.
* CMMC Practice CM.L2-3.4.6 (Use Least Functionality)explicitly states:"Employ the principle of least functionality by configuring organizational systems to provide only essential capabilities."
* Thegoalis to prevent unauthorized or unnecessary applications, services, and ports from running on the system.
* Examples of Implementation:
* Disabling unnecessary services, such as remote desktop access if not required.
* Restricting software installation to approved applications.
* Blocking unused network ports and protocols.
* A. Least Privilege
* This principle (associated with Access Control) ensures that users and processes have only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their jobs.
* It is relevant to CMMC PracticeAC.L2-3.1.5 (Least Privilege)but does not define system capabilities.
* B. Essential Concern
* There is no officially recognized cybersecurity principle called "Essential Concern" in CMMC, NIST, or related frameworks.
* D. Separation of Duties
* This principle (covered under CMMCAC.L2-3.1.4) ensures that no single individual has unchecked control over critical functions, reducing the risk of fraud or abuse.
* While important for security, it does not define essential system capabilities.
* CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment Guide - Configuration Management (CM) Domain
* CM.L2-3.4.6 mandatesleast functionalityto enhance security by removing unnecessary features.
* NIST SP 800-171 (which CMMC is based on) - Requirement 3.4.6
* States:"Limit system functionality to only the essential capabilities required for organizational missions or business functions."
* NIST SP 800-53 - Control CM-7 (Least Functionality)
* Provides detailed recommendations on configuring systems to operate with only necessary features.
Justification for the Correct Answer: Least Functionality (C)Why Other Options Are IncorrectOfficial CMMC and NIST ReferencesConclusionTheprinciple of Least Functionality (C)is the basis for defining essential system capabilities in theConfiguration Management (CM) domainof CMMC 2.0. By applying this principle, organizations reduce security risks by ensuring that only the necessary functions, services, and applications are enabled.
NEW QUESTION # 151
A Level 2 Assessment of an OSC is winding down and the final results are being prepared to present to the OSC. When should the final results be delivered to the OSC?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding the Reporting Process in a CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment
ACMMC Level 2 Assessmentconducted by aCertified Third-Party Assessor Organization (C3PAO)follows a structured approach to gathering evidence, evaluating compliance, and reporting findings to theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC). The reporting process is outlined in theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, which specifies how findings should be communicated.
Assessment Communication Structure
Daily Checkpoints:
Throughout the assessment, the assessor team holdsdaily checkpoint meetingswith the OSC to provide updates on progress, observations, and preliminary findings.
These checkpoints help ensure transparency and allow the OSC to address minor issues as they arise.
Final Results Delivery:
Thefinal assessment resultsare typically shared during thefinal daily checkpointOR in aseparately scheduled findings and recommendations reviewmeeting.
This ensures that the OSC receives a structured and complete summary of the assessment findings before the official report is submitted.
Why Option C is Correct
TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 4.5clearly states that assessment findings should be presentedeither at the last daily checkpoint or during a separately scheduled final review.
This aligns with best practices formaintaining transparency and ensuring the OSC has clarity on their assessment resultsbefore the final report submission.
Option A (End of every day)is incorrect because while assessors do provide updates, they do not deliver the " final results " daily.
Option B (Daily and a separate final review)is misleading, as the CAP Guide allows assessors tochoosebetween the final daily checkpoint OR a separate findings review-not both.
Option D (After C3PAO approval)is incorrect because theC3PAO does not approve findings before they are communicated to the OSC. The assessment team directly presents the results first.
Official CMMC Documentation References
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 4.5: Reporting and Findings Communication CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment Process Overview CMMC Assessment Final Report Guidelines Final Verification Based on officialCMMC 2.0 documentation, thefinal assessment results should be presented to the OSC either at the last daily checkpoint or in a separately scheduled review session, making Option C the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 152
What is the MOST common purpose of assessment procedures?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Theprimary goal of CMMC assessment proceduresis to determine whether anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)complies with the cybersecurity controls required for its certification level. Themost common purpose of assessment procedures is to obtain evidencethat verifies an organization has properly implemented security practices.
Why "A. Obtain Evidence" is Correct?
CMMC Assessments Require Evidence Collection
TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guideoutlines that assessors must use three methods to verify compliance:
Examine- Reviewing documentation, policies, and system configurations.
Interview- Speaking with personnel to confirm understanding and execution.
Test- Validating controls through operational or technical tests.
All these methods involve obtaining evidenceto support whether a security requirement has been met.
Alignment with NIST SP 800-171A
CMMC Level 2 assessments follow NIST SP 800-171A, which is designed for evidence-based verification.
Assessors rely on documented artifacts, system logs, configurations, and personnel testimony as evidence of compliance.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect?
B). Define level of effort (Incorrect)
Thelevel of effortrefers to the time and resources needed for an assessment, but this is aplanningactivity, not the primary goal of an assessment.
C). Determine information flow (Incorrect)
While understandinginformation flowis important for security controls likedata protection and access control, themain purpose of an assessment is to gather evidence-not to determine information flow itself.
D). Determine value of hardware and software (Incorrect)
Asset valuation may be part of an organization's risk management process, but CMMC assessmentsdo not focus on determining hardware or software value.
Conclusion
The correct answer isA. Obtain evidence, as theCMMC assessment process is evidence-drivento verify compliance with security controls.
References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide
NIST SP 800-171A (Assessment Procedures for CUI)
DoD CMMC 2.0 Scoping and Assessment Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 153
An OSC performing a CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessment uses a legacy Windows 95 computer, which is the only system that can run software that the government contract requires. Why can this asset be considered out of scope?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A Restricted Information System (IS) is defined as an asset that cannot meet modern security controls but is still needed for contract performance. These systems may be declared out of scope if they are properly isolated, mitigated, and documented. A legacy Windows 95 computer meets the definition of a restricted IS.
Supporting Extracts from Official Content:
* CMMC Scoping Guide (Level 2): "Restricted IS assets are those that cannot reasonably apply security requirements due to legacy or operational constraints. They are not assessed but must be identified and protected by alternative methods." Why Option B is Correct:
* The Windows 95 system is an example of a restricted IS, so it can be scoped out.
* Option A is incorrect - the asset is not handling CUI in this case.
* Option C is incorrect - government property designation does not define scope.
* Option D is incorrect - while it is "legacy," it is not classified as OT; the correct CMMC term is restricted IS.
References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):
* CMMC Scoping Guide, Level 1 and Level 2 - Restricted IS definition.
NEW QUESTION # 154
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