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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Dimensions of Care | - Psychosocial Aspects
|
| Topic 2: Physician Activities | - Communication
|
さまざまな年齢層の研究条件に基づくさまざまな種類のアンケートによると、当社のMCCQEテスト準備はこれらの研究グループ向けに完全に設計されており、MCCQE試験の準備時の能力と効率を向上させ、目標とするMCCQE証明書が正常に作成されました。 MCCQEの質問トレントには多くの利点がありますので、ご紹介します。Medical Council of CanadaのMCCQE試験に合格することができます。
質問 # 340
An 88-year-old married man is admitted following a cardiac arrest at home. He was not expected to recover, and after 2 weeks, he remains in a coma. His wife states, "I cannot let him go. That would be murder." As the attending physician looking after her husband, which one of the following is the best next course of action?
正解：A
解説：
In discussions about end-of-life care, it is critical to shift the focus from the substitute decision-maker's own feelings to what the patient would have wanted. This approach promotes ethically sound and patient-centered decisions. It is respectful, supportive, and maintains trust.
Toronto Notes 2023 - ELOM, "Advance Care Planning and End-of-Life Decisions":
"When a patient cannot express wishes, decisions must be based on known prior wishes or substituted judgment-what the patient would have wanted." MCCQE1 Objectives (ELOM > 90-2: Capacity, Consent, and End-of-Life Care):
"Candidates must guide surrogate decision-makers toward reflecting on the patient's values and previously expressed wishes." Options A and B are inappropriate-waiting without engagement or unilateral withdrawal is unethical. C does not address the wife's emotional or ethical concerns. E is premature unless the wife is clearly unable or unfit to act as decision-maker.
質問 # 341
A previously well 4-year-old boy is brought to your office by his mother. She is concerned by his behaviour.
Shortly after falling asleep, he awakens, screams loudly and cries. He appears frightened and does not respond to his mother's efforts to calm him. During these episodes, he appears agitated and flushed. After 15-20 minutes, he settles back to sleep. Physical examination is unremarkable. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
正解：E
解説：
This presentation is characteristic of a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep arousal disorder (sleep terror)
. MCCQE objectives highlight that sleep terrors typically occur in children aged 3-7 years and arise during the first third of the night , shortly after sleep onset, during deep NREM (slow-wave) sleep. Children abruptly awaken screaming, appear terrified, flushed, and autonomically aroused, and are inconsolable and minimally responsive to caregivers. Episodes usually last 10-20 minutes and resolve spontaneously, with the child returning to sleep and having no memory of the event the next morning.
Nightmares, in contrast, occur during REM sleep (later in the night); the child is awake, alert, consolable, and can recall the dream. Nocturnal seizures are typically brief, stereotyped, and may include tonic-clonic activity or a postictal state. Panic disorder occurs during wakefulness. Temper tantrums occur while awake and are behaviorally triggered.
Management is reassurance and ensuring safety; most children outgrow sleep terrors without intervention.
質問 # 342
A 56-year-old man is admitted to hospital with pyelonephritis and started on intravenous antibiotics. On day 2 of his hospitalization, he continues to report right flank pain, but he is able to walk. His vital signs are as follows:
Temperature: 38.5°C
Blood pressure: 90/60 mm Hg
Heart rate: 105/min
The patient is mentating well but is concerned about his dog that is home alone due to his unexpected hospitalization. He requests to be released from hospital as he needs to make arrangements for his dog. Which one of the following is the best next step?
正解：E
解説：
The patient is alert and capable of making his own decisions. The most ethical and respectful approach is to ensure he understands the risks and accept his choice. Holding his bed maintains continuity of care. Forcing him to stay (C) or discharging him AMA (A) is inappropriate if he intends to return.
Toronto Notes 2023 - ELOM, Consent and Autonomy:
"Capable patients have the right to refuse or leave treatment. Physicians must ensure informed decision- making and maintain therapeutic rapport." MCCQE1 Objectives - ELOM > Capacity and Patient Autonomy:
"Candidates must respect a capable patient's right to leave care after informed discussion of risks and alternatives." Offering to enter his apartment (E) is inappropriate and unethical. Oral antibiotics (B) may not be clinically appropriate given hypotension.
質問 # 343
An 80-year-old man is admitted to hospital with what turns out to be tuberculosis. The attending physician informs all staff at the hospital of the patient ' s identity and diagnosis. Which one of the following best describes privacy concerns in this situation?
正解：B
解説：
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease, so there can be a justified "duty to protect" others in the hospital through infection-control measures and public health notification. However, MCCQE ethics objectives emphasize that confidentiality remains the default obligation even when disclosure is permitted or required. In such cases, disclosure must follow the minimum necessary principle: only the information essential to reduce risk should be shared, and only with those who need it to perform their role (e.g., direct care team, infection prevention and control, occupational health, and public health). Informing "all staff at the hospital" and including the patient's identity generally exceeds what is required and constitutes an avoidable breach of privacy.
Consent is not always required when disclosure is mandated by law (reportable diseases) or necessary to prevent serious harm, so option B is too absolute. Option A wrongly implies loss of privacy rights. Option D is incorrect because limited disclosure may be ethically and legally permitted to protect others. Option E is false; clinicians and institutions can be accountable for unjustified or excessive disclosure.
質問 # 344
A 25-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with diffuse abdominal pain and anorexia. He was tackled in a football game yesterday. He reports a 3-week history of sore throat and fatigue. Vital signs are as follows:
Blood pressure: 95/45 mm Hg
Heart rate: 96/min
Temperature: 37.6°C
Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
正解：D
解説：
This patient presents with hypotension, diffuse abdominal pain, and a history of contact sports injury with preceding symptoms of infectious mononucleosis (sore throat, fatigue). The spleen is commonly enlarged in mononucleosis, making it vulnerable to rupture after even minor trauma.
Toronto Notes 2023 - General Surgery and Infectious Diseases Sections:
"Splenic rupture is a known complication of mononucleosis, particularly after trauma. Symptoms may include diffuse abdominal pain, hypotension, and signs of hemorrhagic shock." MCCQE1 Objectives (Surgery > 84-1: Abdominal Trauma):
"Candidates should identify splenic rupture as a cause of hypotension and abdominal pain following blunt abdominal trauma, especially in patients with splenomegaly." Appendicitis (B) would present with localized right lower quadrant pain. Pneumonia (C) and pyelonephritis (D) would present with respiratory or urinary symptoms. Ruptured duodenum (E) is much less likely without specific trauma to that region or signs of peritonitis.
質問 # 345
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