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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of IS-IS
|
| Topic 2: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of BGP
|
| Topic 3: Protocol-Independent Routing | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of various protocol-independent routing components
|
| Topic 4: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of MPLS CoS processing on Junos devices
|
| Topic 5: Layer 2 Bridging or VLANs | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of Layer 2 bridging for the Junos OS
|
| Topic 6: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | - Demonstrate knowledge of how to configure, monitor, or troubleshoot OSPF
|
| Topic 7: Spanning Tree Protocols | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of STP
|
| Topic 8: IPv6 | - Demonstrate knowledge of how to configure, monitor, or troubleshoot IPv6 - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of IPv6
|
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NEW QUESTION # 128
In OSPF, which three fields must match between neighbors before forming an adjacency? (Choose three.)
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
For OSPF routers to transition from the "Init" state to a full adjacency, they must agree on several parameters exchanged within theirHello packets. If these parameters do not match, the routers will refuse to form a neighbor relationship, a common point of failure in service provider networks.
According to Juniper Networks documentation, the following fields are mandatory matches:
* Hello Interval (Option B):The frequency at which Hello packets are sent. Default is 10 seconds on broadcast networks.
* Dead Interval (Option D):The time a router waits without receiving a Hello before declaring a neighbor down. Default is 4 times the Hello interval.
* Network Mask (Option C):On broadcast and NBMA (Non-Broadcast Multi-Access) segments, the subnet masks must match because OSPF uses the mask to determine the network boundaries for the link-state advertisements.
* Area ID:Routers must belong to the same logical OSPF area.
* Authentication:If configured, the type and password/key must be identical.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Router Priority (Option A):This is used to influence the election of the Designated Router (DR). It doesnotneed to match; in fact, different priorities are often used to ensure a specific router becomes the DR.
* Designated Router (Option E):The DR is theresultof an election that happens after the initial Hello exchange. It is not a field that must match beforehand to start the process.
By ensuring the Hello/Dead timers and the Subnet Mask are synchronized, OSPF guarantees a stable and predictable environment for the subsequent exchange of Link-State Advertisements (LSAs).
NEW QUESTION # 129
Exhibit:
user@R2> show route 198.51.100.1
inet.0: 19 destinations, 19 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Restart Complete
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
198.51.100.1/32 *[Static/5] 5d 21:02:26
> to 203.0.113.65 via ge-0/0/3.0
user@R2> show route 172.20.110.0/24
inet.0: 19 destinations, 19 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Restart Complete
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active,
* = Both
172.20.110.0/24 *[Static/5] 10:43:01
> via gr-0/0/0.0
Referring to the exhibit, traffic destined to which network will be sent through the tunnel?
Answer: B
Explanation:
To determine which traffic is being sent through a tunnel in a Junos OS environment, an administrator must analyze the routing table output for the exit interface associated with each destination prefix. The provided exhibit shows the results of the show route command on routerR2for two specific destination networks.
In the first output, the destination198.51.100.1/32is an active static route. The next-hop information specifies that traffic for this address is sent to the gateway 203.0.113.65 via the interfacege-0/0/3.0. According to Juniper Networks interface naming conventions, the prefixge-denotes aGigabit Ethernetinterface, which represents a standard physical connection. Therefore, this traffic does not traverse a tunnel.
In the second output, the destination172.20.110.0/24is also an active static route. However, the next-hop for this network is listed asvia gr-0/0/0.0. In the Junos operating system, thegr-prefix explicitly identifies a Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel interface. GRE is a widely used protocol in service provider networks to encapsulate various network layer protocols over an IP backbone, effectively creating a virtual point-to-point link. Because the routing table has installed the route for 172.20.110.0/24 specifically via the gr- interface, all traffic destined for this network will be encapsulated and sent through the tunnel.
The other choices are incorrect for the following reasons:
* 203.0.113.65 (Option B):This is the next-hop IP address for the physical Gigabit Ethernet path; it is not a destination network directed to a tunnel.
* 0.0.0.0/0 (Option C):There is no information in the exhibit regarding a default route.
* 198.51.100.1/32 (Option D):As identified by thege-interface prefix in the exhibit, traffic for this destination is sent via a physical Ethernet link.
NEW QUESTION # 130
Which two events cause a static route to be removed from a routing table? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, astatic routeis a manually configured entry in the routing table. Unlike dynamic routes, which have built-in timers and aging mechanisms, static routes are generally "permanent" as long as their conditions for validity are met.
1. Manual Removal (Option A):
Since static routes are explicitly defined by the administrator, the most direct way to remove one is through a configuration change. Using the delete routing-options static route <prefix> command followed by a commit will immediately remove the route from the Routing Information Base (RIB).
2. Next-Hop Reachability (Option B):
For a static route to be "active" and installed in the forwarding table, itsnext-hop must be reachable. If a static route points to a specific physical interface or an IP address on a local segment, and thatoutbound interface becomes unavailable(e.g., the link goes "Down"), the Junos kernel detects that the next-hop is no longer viable. Consequently, the route is marked as "hidden" or "inactive" and is removed from the active forwarding table to prevent traffic from being black-holed.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Aging (Option C):Static routes do not have an expiration timer based on traffic. Even if no packet is sent for years, the route remains as long as the interface is up.
* Remote Reachability (Option D):Standard static routes only track the status of the local interface or the immediate next-hop. They do not possess "end-to-end" visibility. If a host two hops away fails, the local router has no way of knowing this via the static route itself. To achieve this level of tracking, features likeRPM (Real-time Performance Monitoring)orBFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection)must be linked to the static route.
NEW QUESTION # 131
Which two statements are correct about BGP? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION # 132
Click the Exhibit button.
You have configured an MPLS LSP to 192.168.100.3. However, the LSP is in the down state.
Referring to the exhibit, which two actions would solve this problem? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The LSP is using CSPF and the output indicates CSPF cannot build a path because the traffic- engineering database is not available. Enabling OSPF traffic-engineering allows the router to populate the TE database used by CSPF. Alternatively, disabling CSPF forces the LSP to be computed using the normal IGP shortest path, which removes the dependency on the TE database and allows the LSP to come up.
NEW QUESTION # 133
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