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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Implement data quality and validation - Transform and enrich data
|
| Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Protect sensitive data - Implement access control and authentication
|
| Data Store Management | 26% | - Design and implement data storage solutions
- Optimize storage performance and cost |
| Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Ensure reliability and scalability - Monitor and troubleshoot data pipelines
- Backup, restore, and disaster recovery |
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NEW QUESTION # 146
A data engineer wants to orchestrate a set of extract, transform, and load (ETL) jobs that run on AWS. The ETL jobs contain tasks that must run Apache Spark jobs on Amazon EMR, make API calls to Salesforce, and load data into Amazon Redshift.
The ETL jobs need to handle failures and retries automatically. The data engineer needs to use Python to orchestrate the jobs.
Which service will meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The data engineer needs to orchestrate ETL jobs that include Spark jobs on Amazon EMR, API calls to Salesforce, and loading data into Redshift. They also need automatic failure handling and retries. Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) is the best solution for this requirement.
Option A: Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA)
Apache Airflow is designed for complex job orchestration, allowing users to define workflows (DAGs) in Python. MWAA manages Airflow and its integrations with other AWS services, including Amazon EMR, Redshift, and external APIs like Salesforce. It provides automatic retry handling, failure detection, and detailed monitoring, which fits the use case perfectly.
Option B (AWS Step Functions) can orchestrate tasks but doesn't natively support complex workflow definitions with Python like Airflow does.
Option C (AWS Glue) is more focused on ETL and doesn't handle the orchestration of external systems like Salesforce as well as Airflow.
Option D (Amazon EventBridge) is more suited for event-driven architectures rather than complex workflow orchestration.
Reference:
Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow
Apache Airflow on AWS
NEW QUESTION # 147
A data engineer must ingest a source of structured data that is in .csv format into an Amazon S3 data lake. The .csv files contain 15 columns. Data analysts need to run Amazon Athena queries on one or two columns of the dataset. The data analysts rarely query the entire file.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows you to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. Athena supports various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, Avro, and Parquet. However, not all data formats are equally efficient for querying. Some data formats, such as CSV and JSON, are row-oriented, meaning that they store data as a sequence of records, each with the same fields. Row-oriented formats are suitable for loading and exporting data, but they are not optimal for analytical queries that often access only a subset of columns. Row-oriented formats also do not support compression or encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
On the other hand, some data formats, such as ORC and Parquet, are column-oriented, meaning that they store data as a collection of columns, each with a specific data type. Column-oriented formats are ideal for analytical queries that often filter, aggregate, or join data by columns. Column-oriented formats also support compression and encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance. For example, Parquet supports dictionary encoding, which replaces repeated values with numeric codes, and run-length encoding, which replaces consecutive identical values with a single value and a count. Parquet also supports various compression algorithms, such as Snappy, GZIP, and ZSTD, that can further reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
Therefore, creating an AWS Glue extract, transform, and load (ETL) job to read from the .csv structured data source and writing the data into the data lake in Apache Parquet format will meet the requirements most cost-effectively. AWS Glue is a fully managed service that provides a serverless data integration platform for data preparation, data cataloging, and data loading. AWS Glue ETL jobs allow you to transform and load data from various sources into various targets, using either a graphical interface (AWS Glue Studio) or a code-based interface (AWS Glue console or AWS Glue API). By using AWS Glue ETL jobs, you can easily convert the data from CSV to Parquet format, without having to write or manage any code. Parquet is a column-oriented format that allows Athena to scan only the relevant columns and skip the rest, reducing the amount of data read from S3. This solution will also reduce the cost of Athena queries, as Athena charges based on the amount of data scanned from S3.
The other options are not as cost-effective as creating an AWS Glue ETL job to write the data into the data lake in Parquet format. Using an AWS Glue PySpark job to ingest the source data into the data lake in .csv format will not improve the query performance or reduce the query cost, as .csv is a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or compression. Creating an AWS Glue ETL job to ingest the data into the data lake in JSON format will not improve the query performance or reduce the query cost, as JSON is also a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or compression. Using an AWS Glue PySpark job to ingest the source data into the data lake in Apache Avro format will improve the query performance, as Avro is a column-oriented format that supports compression and encoding, but it will require more operational effort, as you will need to write and maintain PySpark code to convert the data from CSV to Avro format. Reference:
Amazon Athena
Choosing the Right Data Format
AWS Glue
[AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide], Chapter 5: Data Analysis and Visualization, Section 5.1: Amazon Athena
NEW QUESTION # 148
A retail company stores customer data in an Amazon S3 bucket. Some of the customer data contains personally identifiable information (PII) about customers. The company must not share PII data with business partners.
A data engineer must determine whether a dataset contains PII before making objects in the dataset available to business partners.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST manual intervention?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation: Amazon Macie is a fully managed data security and privacy service that uses machine learning to automatically discover, classify, and protect sensitive data in AWS, such as PII. By configuring Macie for automated sensitive data discovery, the company can minimize manual intervention while ensuring PII is identified before data is shared.
NEW QUESTION # 149
A data engineer needs to create an AWS Lambda function that converts the format of data from .csv to Apache Parquet. The Lambda function must run only if a user uploads a .csv file to an Amazon S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option A is the correct answer because it meets the requirements with the least operational overhead. Creating an S3 event notification that has an event type of s3:ObjectCreated:* will trigger the Lambda function whenever a new object is created in the S3 bucket. Using a filter rule to generate notifications only when the suffix includes .csv will ensure that the Lambda function only runs for .csv files. Setting the ARN of the Lambda function as the destination for the event notification will directly invoke the Lambda function without any additional steps.
Option B is incorrect because it requires the user to tag the objects with .csv, which adds an extra step and increases the operational overhead.
Option C is incorrect because it uses an event type of s3:*, which will trigger the Lambda function for any S3 event, not just object creation. This could result in unnecessary invocations and increased costs.
Option D is incorrect because it involves creating and subscribing to an SNS topic, which adds an extra layer of complexity and operational overhead.
References:
* AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation, Section 3.2: S3 Event Notifications and Lambda Functions, Pages 67-69
* Building Batch Data Analytics Solutions on AWS, Module 4: Data Transformation, Lesson 4.2: AWS Lambda, Pages 4-8
* AWS Documentation Overview, AWS Lambda Developer Guide, Working with AWS Lambda Functions, Configuring Function Triggers, Using AWS Lambda with Amazon S3, Pages 1-5
NEW QUESTION # 150
A company needs to set up a data catalog and metadata management for data sources that run in the AWS Cloud. The company will use the data catalog to maintain the metadata of all the objects that are in a set of data stores. The data stores include structured sources such as Amazon RDS and Amazon Redshift. The data stores also include semistructured sources such as JSON files and .xml files that are stored in Amazon S3.
The company needs a solution that will update the data catalog on a regular basis. The solution also must detect changes to the source metadata.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: C
Explanation:
This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because it uses the AWS Glue Data Catalog as the central metadata repository for data sources that run in the AWS Cloud. The AWS Glue Data Catalog is a fully managed service that provides a unified view of your data assets across AWS and on- premises data sources. It stores the metadata of your data in tables, partitions, and columns, and enables you to access and query your data using various AWS services, such as Amazon Athena, Amazon EMR, and Amazon Redshift Spectrum. You can use AWS Glue crawlers to connect to multiple data stores, such as Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, and Amazon S3, and to update the Data Catalog with metadata changes.
AWS Glue crawlers can automatically discover the schema and partition structure of your data, and create or update the corresponding tables in the Data Catalog. You can schedule the crawlers to run periodically to update the metadata catalog, and configure them to detect changes to the source metadata, such as new columns, tables, or partitions12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
A. Use Amazon Aurora as the data catalog. Create AWS Lambda functions that will connect to the data catalog. Configure the Lambda functions to gather the metadata information from multiple sources and to update the Aurora data catalog. Schedule the Lambda functions to run periodically. This option is not recommended, as it would require more operational overhead to create and manage an Amazon Aurora database as the data catalog, and to write and maintain AWS Lambda functions to gather and update the metadata information from multiple sources. Moreover, this option would not leverage the benefits of the AWS Glue Data Catalog, such as data cataloging, data transformation, and data governance.
C. Use Amazon DynamoDB as the data catalog. Create AWS Lambda functions that will connect to the data catalog. Configure the Lambda functions to gather the metadata information from multiple sources and to update the DynamoDB data catalog. Schedule the Lambda functions to run periodically. This option is also not recommended, as it would require more operational overhead to create and manage an Amazon DynamoDB table as the data catalog, and to write and maintain AWS Lambda functions to gather and update the metadata information from multiple sources. Moreover, this option would not leverage the benefits of the AWS Glue Data Catalog, such as data cataloging, data transformation, and data governance.
D. Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog as the central metadata repository. Extract the schema for Amazon RDS and Amazon Redshift sources, and build the Data Catalog. Use AWS Glue crawlers for data that is in Amazon S3 to infer the schema and to automatically update the Data Catalog. This option is not optimal, as it would require more manual effort to extract the schema for Amazon RDS and Amazon Redshift sources, and to build the Data Catalog. This option would not take advantage of the AWS Glue crawlers' ability to automatically discover the schema and partition structure of your data from various data sources, and to create or update the corresponding tables in the Data Catalog.
1: AWS Glue Data Catalog
2: AWS Glue Crawlers
Amazon Aurora
AWS Lambda
Amazon DynamoDB
NEW QUESTION # 151
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