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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations - Managed Identity exploitation - Service Principal and App Registration attacks |
| Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Defense evasion in Azure environment - Maintaining persistent access - Data collection and exfiltration techniques - Full attack chain demonstration |
| Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - Compute, storage, and network pivoting - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse |
| Initial Access | 20% | - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws - Consent phishing and application abuse - Password spraying and credential stuffing - Token and session abuse |
| Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping - Azure tenant and domain enumeration - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - Azure resource discovery |
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NEW QUESTION # 28
After authenticating as the service principal, enumerate its assigned Azure RBAC role. Which role does it have?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then list role assignments:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show \
--id c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
--query id \
--output tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------------------
< sp-object-id > Contributor /subscriptions/5d8e44ac-...
Correct answer:
B). Contributor
NEW QUESTION # 29
A virtual machine has a system-assigned managed identity. From the VM shell, which Azure CLI command authenticates using that identity?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 30
ExcaliburCorp has recently migrated part of its infrastructure to Microsoft Azure. Shortly after the migration, the company suffered a security breach resulting in the exposure of sensitive internal data. Their investigation revealed that the attack originated from a disgruntled developer who has since disappeared. To assess and mitigate further risks, ExcaliburCorp has granted you access to a replica Azure environment with the same permissions the developer had at the time of the incident. Your task is to simulate the attacker's actions, uncover the full extent of the compromise, and identify vulnerable configurations or services that enabled the breach.
Using the provided Azure login credentials, perform OSINT and reconnaissance to identify the Azure Active Directory/AAD Tenant ID associated with the environment.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Detailed Solution:
Log in using the supplied breached Azure account.
az login -u alex.johnson@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' pg:Lr{k102l(fh7! ' After successful authentication, check the active Azure subscription context.
az account show
The important fields are:
{
" id " : " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa " ,
" name " : " Azure subscription 1 " ,
" tenantDefaultDomain " : " azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com " ,
" tenantDisplayName " : " ExcaliburCorp " ,
" tenantId " : " f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b "
}
The AAD / Microsoft Entra tenant ID is the tenantId.
Final answer:
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
NEW QUESTION # 31
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Use the app registration credentials recovered from blob storage.
az login --service-principal \
-u ' < client-id > ' \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Confirm that you are authenticated as a service principal:
az account show
Now enumerate role assignments for the app registration.
az role assignment list \
--assignee ' < client-id > ' \
--all \
--output table
If the --assignee lookup fails, first resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id ' < client-id > ' \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then query role assignments by object ID:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show --id ' < client-id > ' --query id -o tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
This role allows the principal to read secret values from Azure Key Vault. That is the lateral movement path into the final flag.
Final answer:
A). Key Vault Secrets User
NEW QUESTION # 32
Inside the public blob container, a file named backup-config.json contains service principal credentials. What field contains the App Registration client ID?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Download the blob:
az storage blob download \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--container-name public-backups \
--name backup-config.json \
--file backup-config.json \
--auth-mode login
Read the file:
cat backup-config.json
Expected structure:
{
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a " ,
" clientId " : " c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 " ,
" clientSecret " : " REDACTED "
}
The App Registration application/client ID is stored in:
clientId
NEW QUESTION # 33
......
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