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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Certification and Accreditation Framework | 15% | - Surveillance and re-certification audits - Audit report preparation and documentation - ISO/IEC 17021-1 requirements for certification bodies - Certification decision process - Principles of certification bodies |
| Audit Lifecycle and Competencies of the Lead Auditor | 25% | - Managing audit relationships with audited parties - Leading an audit team - Audit follow-up and corrective action verification - Audit communication strategies - Conflict resolution during audits |
| ISMS Audit Based on ISO 19011 and ISO/IEC 17021-1 | 25% | - Auditing risk assessment and treatment processes - Measuring, monitoring, and reporting ISMS performance - Auditing the context of the organization - Auditing leadership commitment - Auditing control selection and implementation (Annex A) - Continual improvement processes - Auditing organizational structure and roles |
| Audit Principles and Audit Process | 20% | - Audit evidence collection techniques - Audit sampling methodology - Risk-based audit approach - Audit types and stages ( initiation, planning, execution, reporting) - Audit scope and objectives |
| Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) and the ISO/IEC 27001 Standard | 15% | - Overview of ISO/IEC 27001 and its relationship with ISO/IEC 27002 - Fundamental principles and concepts of information security - Regulatory and legal considerations in information security |
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질문 # 376
You are carrying out your first third-party ISMS surveillance audit as an Audit Team Leader. You are presently in the auditee's data centre with another member of your audit team.
You are currently in a large room that is subdivided into several smaller rooms, each of which has a numeric combination lock and swipe card reader on the door. You notice two external contractors using a swipe card and combination number provided by the centre's reception desk to gain access to a client's suite to carry out authorised electrical repairs.
You go to reception and ask to see the door access record for the client's suite. This indicates only one card was swiped. You ask the receptionist and they reply, "yes it's a common problem. We ask everyone to swipe their cards but with contractors especially, one tends to swipe and the rest simply 'tailgate' their way in" but we know who they are from the reception sign-in.
Based on the scenario above which one of the following actions would you now take?
정답：G
설명：
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), control A.7.2 requires an organization to implement appropriate physical entry controls to prevent unauthorized access to secure areas1. The organization should define and document the criteria for granting and revoking access rights to secure areas, and should monitor and record the use of such access rights1. Therefore, when auditing the organization's application of control A.7.2, an ISMS auditor should verify that these aspects are met in accordance with the audit criteria.
Based on the scenario above, the auditor should raise a nonconformity against control A.7.2, as the secure area is not adequately protected from unauthorized access. The auditor should provide the following evidence and justification for the nonconformity:
* Evidence: The auditor observed two external contractors using a swipe card and combination number provided by the centre's reception desk to gain access to a client's suite to carry out authorized electrical repairs. The auditor checked the door access record for the client's suite and found that only one card was swiped. The auditor asked the receptionist and was told that it was a common problem that contractors tend to swipe one card and tailgate their way in, but they were known from the reception sign-in.
* Justification: This evidence indicates that the organization has not implemented appropriate physical entry controls to prevent unauthorized access to secure areas, as required by control A.7.2. The organization has not defined and documented the criteria for granting and revoking access rights to secure areas, as there is no verification or authorization process for providing swipe cards and combination numbers to external contractors. The organization has not monitored and recorded the use of access rights to secure areas, as there is no mechanism to ensure that each individual swipes their card and enters their combination number before entering a secure area. The organization has relied on the reception sign-in as a means of identification, which is not sufficient or reliable for ensuring information security.
The other options are not valid actions for auditing control A.7.2, as they are not related to the control or its requirements, or they are not appropriate or effective for addressing the nonconformity. For example:
* Take no action: This option is not valid because it implies that the auditor ignores or accepts the nonconformity, which is contrary to the audit principles and objectives of ISO 19011:20182, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems.
* Raise a nonconformity against control A.5.20 'addressing information security in supplier relationships' as information security requirements have not been agreed upon with the supplier: This option is not valid because it does not address the root cause of the nonconformity, which is related to physical entry controls, not supplier relationships. Control A.5.20 requires an organization to agree on information security requirements with suppliers that may access, process, store, communicate or provide IT infrastructure components for its information assets1. While this control may be relevant for ensuring information security in supplier relationships, it does not address the issue of unauthorized access to secure areas by external contractors.
* Raise a nonconformity against control A.7.6 'working in secure areas' as security measures for working in secure areas have not been defined: This option is not valid because it does not address the root cause of the nonconformity, which is related to physical entry controls, not working in secure areas. Control A.7.6 requires an organization to define and apply security measures for working in secure areas1.
While this control may be relevant for ensuring information security when working in secure areas, it does not address the issue of unauthorized access to secure areas by external contractors.
* Determine whether any additional effective arrangements are in place to verify individual access to secure areas e.g. CCTV: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather attempts to find alternative or compensating controls that may mitigate its
* impact or likelihood. While additional arrangements such as CCTV may be useful for verifying individual access to secure areas, they do not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
* Raise an opportunity for improvement that contractors must be accompanied at all times when accessing secure facilities: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather suggests a possible improvement action that may prevent or reduce its recurrence or severity.
While accompanying contractors at all times when accessing secure facilities may be a good practice for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
* Raise an opportunity for improvement to have a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather suggests a possible improvement action that may increase awareness or compliance with the existing controls. While having a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times may be a helpful reminder for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
* Tell the organisation they must write to their contractors, reminding them of the need to use access cards appropriately: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather instructs the organization to take a corrective action that may not be effective or sufficient for ensuring information security. While writing to contractors, reminding them of the need to use access cards appropriately may be a communication measure for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
질문 # 377
After completing Stage 1 and in preparation for a Stage 2 initial certification audit, the auditee informs the audit team leader that they wish to extend the audit scope to include two additional sites that have recently been acquired by the organisation.
Considering this information, what action would you expect the audit team leader to take?
정답：C
설명：
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1, which specifies the requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems, a certification body should establish criteria for determining audit time and audit team composition based on factors such as the scope of certification, size and complexity of the organization, risks associated with its activities, etc2. Therefore, if an auditee requests to extend the audit scope to include two additional sites after completing Stage 1 of an initial certification audit, the audit team leader should obtain information about the additional sites to inform the certification body, so that they can review and approve the change in scope and adjust the audit time and audit team accordingly2. The other options are not appropriate actions for the audit team leader to take in this situation. For example, increasing the length of the Stage 2 audit to include the extra sites without informing the certification body may violate their procedures and policies; arranging to complete a remote Stage 1 audit of the two sites using a video conferencing platform may not be feasible or effective depending on the nature and location of the sites; and informing the auditee that the request can be accepted but a full Stage 1 audit must be repeated may not be necessary or reasonable if there are no significant changes in the auditee's ISMS since Stage 12. References: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 - Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements
질문 # 378
What is the worst possible action that an employee may receive for sharing his or her password or access with others?
정답：B
설명：
The worst possible action that an employee may receive for sharing his or her password or access with others is termination, because this is a serious breach of the organization's information security policy and access control policy. Sharing password or access with others may allow unauthorized users to access sensitive or confidential information, or to perform malicious or fraudulent activities on behalf of the employee. The employee should keep his or her password or access confidential and secure, and should not disclose it to anyone under any circumstances. Reference: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], [ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements], Example of an information security policy, Example of an access control policy
질문 # 379
Scenario 8
Trustingo has been providing banking and financial services in Estonia since 2010. The company has a network of 30 branches with over 100 ATMs nationwide. To meet strict data security and privacy regulations, Trustingo implemented an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001, ensuring better security, improved risk management, and compliance with legal requirements.
Nine months after the successful implementation of the ISMS, Trustingo decided to pursue certification for their ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001 by an independent certification body. The certification audit included Trustingo's systems, processes, and technologies.
The audit team conducted the Stage 1 and Stage 2 audits jointly, and several nonconformities were detected.
The first nonconformity was related to Trustingo's labeling of information. The company had an information classification scheme but no information labeling procedure. As a result, documents requiring the same level of protection would be labeled differently.
The nonconformity also impacted media handling. The audit team used sampling and concluded that 50 of
200 removable media stored sensitive information mistakenly classified as confidential. According to the information classification scheme, confidential information can be stored in removable media, whereas storing sensitive information is strictly prohibited.
The audit team drafted the nonconformity report and discussed the audit conclusions with Trustingo's representatives, who agreed to submit an action plan for the detected nonconformities within two months.
Since the certification recommendation is conditional upon filing corrective actions, Trustingo must submit corrective action plans to show how they will address and resolve these nonconformities. Trustingo accepted the audit team leader's proposed solution and addressed the nonconformities by drafting an information labeling procedure and updating the removable media procedure.
Two weeks after the audit completion, Trustingo submitted a general action plan. Although the plan addressed the detected nonconformities and corrective actions taken, it lacked detailed action steps for each nonconformity and did not include specific details on the impacted systems, controls, or operations. The audit team evaluated the action plan. Nevertheless, Trustingo received an unfavorable recommendation for certification.
Question
Based on Scenario 8, Trustingo submitted a general action plan. Is this acceptable?
정답：A
설명：
The correct answer is A, because a general action plan can be acceptable when multiple nonconformities share the same root cause, provided that the plan clearly addresses that root cause and demonstrates how recurrence will be prevented. ISO/IEC 27001 clause 10.1 requires organizations to determine the causes of nonconformities and implement corrective actions proportionate to the effects of those nonconformities. It does not mandate a one-to-one relationship between nonconformities and action plans.
In Scenario 8, both nonconformities stem from a common underlying issue: the absence of a formal information labeling procedure aligned with the information classification scheme. The mislabeling of information and the incorrect storage of sensitive information on removable media are consequences of this single systemic weakness. Therefore, a consolidated action plan targeting the root cause is conceptually acceptable.
However, the issue in the scenario is not that the plan was general, but that it lacked sufficient detail, such as clear action steps, responsibilities, timelines, and identification of affected systems and controls. Certification bodies require action plans to be specific, verifiable, and capable of being assessed for effectiveness.
Option B is incorrect because ISO standards do not require separate action plans for each nonconformity when a shared root cause exists. Option C is incorrect because audit team leader approval alone does not make an inadequate plan acceptable.
Thus, while a general action plan is acceptable in principle, it must still be detailed and robust to support certification.
질문 # 380
Which one of the following options best describes the purpose of a Stage 2 audit?
정답：D
설명：
The purpose of a Stage 2 audit is to evaluate the implementation of the management system, in this case, the ISMS, according to the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 and the organisation's own policies and procedures. The Stage 2 audit involves collecting evidence of the effectiveness and performance of the ISMS, as well as verifying the conformity and suitability of the organisation's controls. The Stage 2 audit also assesses the organisation's ability to achieve its information security objectives and to manage information security risks. Reference: = ISO/IEC 27006:2022, clause 9.2.2.2; PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 28.
질문 # 381
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