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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling |
| Topic 2: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Pod and application failures - Log collection and analysis - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Worker node issues and recovery - Control plane component failures - Cluster component health checks |
| Topic 3: Storage | 10% | - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - StatefulSet storage configuration - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) - Volume types and access modes |
| Topic 4: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Work with CRDs and Operators - Manage RBAC - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation - Implement high availability control plane - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm |
| Topic 5: Services & Networking | 20% | - Network policies - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - CoreDNS and service discovery - CNI configuration and troubleshooting - Ingress resources and controllers |
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NEW QUESTION # 44
Your Kubernetes cluster is experiencing slow deployments, and you suspect that the image pull process is causing the bottleneck. You need to investigate the image pull performance and optimize it to speed up deployments.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Identify the Slow Deployments:
- Monitor the deployment progress for recent deployments using 'kubectl rollout status deployment '
- Identify the deployments that are experiencing slow image pulls.
2. Examine Deployment Logs:
- Check the deployment logs for messages related to image pulling.
- You can view logs using 'kubectl logs -f.
- Look for messages like "Pulling image" and "Image pull timed out" to identify pods that are experiencing slow image pulls.
3. Check Image Registry Connectivity:
- Verify that the pods can connect to the image registry:
- Run 'kubectl exec -it -n bash' to enter a pod in the deployment.
- Use 'ping to check network connectivity to the image registry.
- If connectivity is an issue, resolve any network problems between the pods and the image registry.
4. Verify Image Registry Credentials:
- Ensure the pods have the correct credentials to access the image registry.
- Check if the credentials are stored in a secret and mounted into the pod's service account.
- If necessary, create a new secret with the correct credentials for the image registry.
5. Optimize Image Pull Policy:
- Set the 'imagePullPolicy' to 'Always' in the deployment YAML:
- This ensures that the pods always pull the latest image from the registry, avoiding potential caching issues.
7. Optimize Network Bandwidth: - Ensure sufficient network bandwidth is available for image pulls: - Check the network connection between the nodes and the image registry. - Consider using a dedicated network connection for image pulls if possible. 8. Use Image Caching: - Enable image caching on the nodes to reduce image pull times: - Many container registries offer image caching features. - Configure the image cache to store frequently used images locally on the nodes. 9. Monitor Deployment Performance: - After making changes to the deployment configuration, monitor the performance of deployments: - Check the deployment logs and use 'kubectl rollout status deployment to verify that deployments are completing faster. 10. Consider Alternative Approaches: - If the image pull performance remains slow, consider these alternative approaches: - Pre-pull images: Download the required images to a local image repository before deployment. - Use image-based deployments: Deploy container images directly instead of using a deployment. - Employ a dedicated image puller: Use a separate container or service to handle image pulls.,
NEW QUESTION # 45
Create a Pod nginx and specify a CPU request and a CPU limit of 0.5 and 1 respectively.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 46
Score:7%
Context
An existing Pod needs to be integrated into the Kubernetes built-in logging architecture (e. g. kubectl logs).
Adding a streaming sidecar container is a good and common way to accomplish this requirement.
Task
Add a sidecar container named sidecar, using the busybox Image, to the existing Pod big-corp-app. The new sidecar container has to run the following command:
/bin/sh -c tail -n+1 -f /va r/log/big-corp-app.log
Use a Volume, mounted at /var/log, to make the log file big-corp-app.log available to the sidecar container.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
#
kubectl get pod big-corp-app -o yaml
#
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: big-corp-app
spec:
containers:
- name: big-corp-app
image: busybox
args:
- /bin/sh
- -c
- >
i=0;
while true;
do
echo "$(date) INFO $i" >> /var/log/big-corp-app.log;
i=$((i+1));
sleep 1;
done
volumeMounts:
- name: logs
mountPath: /var/log
- name: count-log-1
image: busybox
args: [/bin/sh, -c, 'tail -n+1 -f /var/log/big-corp-app.log']
volumeMounts:
- name: logs
mountPath: /var/log
volumes:
- name: logs
emptyDir: {
}
#
kubectl logs big-corp-app -c count-log-1
NEW QUESTION # 47
Score: 7%
Task
Given an existing Kubernetes cluster running version 1.20.0, upgrade all of the Kubernetes control plane and node components on the master node only to version 1.20.1.
Be sure to drain the master node before upgrading it and uncordon it after the upgrade.
You are also expected to upgrade kubelet and kubectl on the master node.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
SOLUTION:
[student@node-1] > ssh ek8s
kubectl cordon k8s-master
kubectl drain k8s-master --delete-local-data --ignore-daemonsets --force apt-get install kubeadm=1.20.1-00 kubelet=1.20.1-00 kubectl=1.20.1-00 --disableexcludes=kubernetes kubeadm upgrade apply 1.20.1 --etcd-upgrade=false systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart kubelet kubectl uncordon k8s-master
NEW QUESTION # 48
Create a file:
/opt/KUCC00302/kucc00302.txt that lists all pods that implement service baz in namespace development.
The format of the file should be one pod name per line.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
F:\Work\Data Entry Work\Data Entry\20200827\CKA\11 B.JPG
F:\Work\Data Entry Work\Data Entry\20200827\CKA\11 C.JPG
F:\Work\Data Entry Work\Data Entry\20200827\CKA\11 D.JPG
NEW QUESTION # 49
......
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