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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Physical examination, patient assessment - Infection control, sanitation, isolation |
| Topic 2: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
| Topic 3: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Topic 4: Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition |
| Topic 5: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Topic 6: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Topic 7: Anesthesia | 13% | - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Recovery and emergency management |
| Topic 8: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Image quality assessment and documentation - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities |
| Topic 9: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques |
| Topic 10: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Controlled substance management - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes |
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NEW QUESTION # 394
What is the name of the muscle that assists an agonist in movement?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 395
You have a three-YO FS DLH who presented with stranguria and urinating out of the box. For the past two weeks, there have been construction workers in and outside around the home. The construction stopped five days ago, but the signs started about two days ago. Today, the owner noticed blood and insists the cat has a urinary tract infection. The veterinarian discusses the most likely diagnosis of FIC and recommends confirming that there is no infection with a urinary culture. The owner declines diagnostics, including a routine urinalysis, due to financial costs but wants to do something. She says, "Can't you just give an antibiotic shot?" Your veterinarian appropriately replies that < 1% of cats this age have infections and that, given the history and clinical signs, it is most likely a stress response and subsequent inflammation/irritation in the bladder. The vet explains to the owner that it will resolve on its own, but that providing pain relief is paramount to shortening the course of the disease and improving patient comfort. The owner cannot medicate at home but agrees to pain medication. Wanting to provide pain management as the disease takes its course, the veterinarian prescribes Zorbium. You are asked to apply this in the hospital.
How do you administer the medication to your patient?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Feline interstitial cystitis (FIC) is a common disorder in cats associated with stressful situations in which the stress goes to the bladder, causing a cascade of events, including inflammation and irritation to the bladder, straining to urinate, urinary accidents (going out of the box), and sometimes hematuria. It is painful and stressful for the cat. Still, in < 1% of healthy patients, it does not indicate a urinary tract infection. Patients with diabetes, geriatrics, or renal disease may have an infection, and urine cultures should be performed before administering antibiotics to any of these patients to ensure appropriate antimicrobial stewardship.
Treatment consists of pain management and time. While it will usually abate on its own in five to seven days, we want to ensure animals are comfortable and shorten clinical signs as much as possible.
Zorbium, a new transdermal buprenorphine product by Elanco, is labeled for post-operative pain, providing four days of "reliable pain relief from a single in-clinic dose." It is FDA-approved for post-op pain but used off-label for numerous conditions. It comes in pre-dosed aliquots that permit easy dispensing and controlled drug log monitoring/recording.
Ideally, it is applied transdermally on the patient in an area where they cannot reach with grooming and allowed to dry before sending the patient home with the owner. It is a great option for cats that cannot be orally medicated. Ideally, FIC patients would also be sent home with oral gabapentin to help provide a more complete pain management spectrum and address some of the anxiety associated with the disease. Since this owner cannot medicate the cat, however, this is a reliable option.
Zorbium is generally well-tolerated, but, as with short-acting buprenorphine, it will cause pupil dilation, may cause sleepiness at first, and an elevated temperature.
When used for surgery, it is applied one to two hours pre-operatively or a pre-op opioid is used and applied one to two hours before that pain med has fully worn off, but when the patient is alert, awake, and maintaining body temperature.
Do not clip the fur, and wear gloves while applying. The onset of action is approximately one to two hours, and it takes about 30 minutes to dry, so the pet will need to remain in the hospital for that duration.
Proper client education and handout materials on FIC should be sent home with the owner, including websites for additional information and modifications and steps to take in the home to lessen the risk of recurrence.
NEW QUESTION # 396
What would not be needed to ensure your chemistry and CBC machines are appropriately cared for and running smoothly?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The machines do not have to be powered down at night, and as many practices run 24/7, there is no reason they cannot run 24/7. The reason for shutting them down when a practice closes overnight would simply be to conserve the light source.
All of the other listed options describe machine care and maintenance. You want to ensure that quality control occurs regularly and per manufacturer specs. You may need to run it if you get errors or funky results.
You always want to ensure you have enough supplies for quality control and testing. You never know what your caseload will be, so anticipating the load and preparing may be the difference between life and death.
Of course, always follow the proper operating instructions to ensure accurate, timely, and consistent results.
NEW QUESTION # 397
Nuclear scintigraphy is an imaging technique in which radioisotopes are administered to a patient and images formed by a gamma camer a. Which of the following does not describe a nuclear scintigraphy procedure?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Administration of I-131 to a hyperthyroid cat is a nuclear medicine treatment and is not a diagnostic test.
The other options are common indications for the use of nuclear scintigraphy. Technetium-99m is the most commonly used radionuclide and comes in injectable, colonic, and aerosol/inhaled formulations. Thyroid, bone, and liver (primarily vasculature) are the most common tissues evaluated using nuclear scintigraphy in veterinary medicine.
NEW QUESTION # 398
Which of the following hand instruments is used to remove subgingival dental calculus?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Curettes have a cutting edge and rounded tip, so can be used both above (supragingivally) and below the gumline (subgingivally). Scalers are similar to curettes in that they have also have a cutting edge. In contrast to curettes, they have a sharp tip that can damage delicate gingiva, so should only be used supragingivally.
Probes are used to examine the periodontal tissues for pocket depth, recession, and hyperplasia. They are smooth on all sides with a blunt tip.
Explorers have smooth sides with a sharp tip. They can be used to detect subgingival calculus, but do not have a sharp edge for removal.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 682-684.
NEW QUESTION # 399
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