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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Topic 2: Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Topic 3: Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Topic 4: Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Topic 5: Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
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NEW QUESTION # 129
下列哪三個選項是使用抽樣計畫進行審核的優點？
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, a sampling plan is a method for selecting a representative subset of the audit evidence from a defined population1. A sampling plan can have several advantages for the audit, such as providing a suitable understanding of the ISMS by covering its key processes, activities, and controls; implementing the audit plan efficiently by optimizing the use of time and resources; and giving confidence in the audit results by ensuring that the sample is sufficient, reliable, and unbiased1. Therefore, these three options are examples of advantages of using a sampling plan for the audit. The other options are not advantages, but rather disadvantages or risks of using a sampling plan. For example, overruling the auditor's instincts may lead to missing important evidence or issues that are not covered by the sampling plan; using the same plan for consecutive audits may reduce the effectiveness and validity of the audit results; and missing key issues may result from an inadequate or inappropriate sampling plan1. References: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 130
下列哪兩個短語適用於「審計目標」？
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The audit objectives are the purpose and scope of an audit, as defined by the audit client and the auditor. According to the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, the audit objectives for an ISMS audit may include determining the extent of conformity of the ISMS with the audit criteria, evaluating the ability of the ISMS to ensure the organization meets its information security objectives, and identifying potential areas for improvement of the ISMS12. References: = 1: PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 192: ISO/IEC 27007:2011 Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for information security management systems auditing, clause 4.2.1.
NEW QUESTION # 131
情境二
Knight 是一家總部位於美國北加州的電子公司，主要開發電視遊戲機。
Knight在全球擁有超過300名員工，值此五週年之際，公司推出了面向國際市場的新一代遊戲主機G-Console。 G-Console被譽為2021年的終極多媒體設備，將為玩家帶來最佳遊戲體驗。主機組包含一副VR頭戴裝置、兩款遊戲以及其他贈品。
多年來，該公司憑藉誠信、正直和尊重客戶的良好聲譽而備受讚譽。除了是一家以客戶為中心的公司外，Knight 還因其卓越的產品品質在遊戲產業中贏得了廣泛的認可。
身為全球領先的遊戲主機開發者之一，Knight 經常成為惡意攻擊的目標。因此，該公司實施了基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS)，並透過每週例會向員工傳達了該系統的適用範圍。
然而，最近 Knight 公司遭遇了一次安全漏洞，駭客洩漏了專有資訊。作為應對，事件回應小組 (IRT) 立即對系統和事件細節展開了徹底調查。最初，IRT 懷疑員工可能使用了弱密碼，導致駭客輕易存取了他們的帳戶。進一步調查發現，駭客截獲了檔案傳輸協定 (FTP) 的流量，該協定使用明文密碼進行身份驗證來傳輸資料。
鑑於此安全事件，並根據 IRT 的建議，Knight 決定以安全外殼協定 (SSH) 取代 FTP。此變更確保所有擷取的流量都經過加密，從而顯著提升安全性。
在實施這些變更後，奈特公司進行了風險評估，以驗證控制措施的實施是否已將類似事件的風險降至最低。根據風險評估結果，他們選擇了一種風險處理方案來應對風險。
問題
IRT 對 FTP 的調查結果在資訊安全方面意味著什麼？
Answer: A
Explanation:
The IRT's finding that FTP transmits authentication credentials in clear text represents a vulnerability in information security terms. A vulnerability is defined as a weakness in an asset, system, or control that can be exploited by a threat. In this scenario, FTP itself is not a threat, nor is it the risk; rather, it is the technical weakness that enabled the attackers to succeed.
The attackers (hackers) are the threat, and the potential loss of proprietary information is the impact. The risk arises from the combination of the threat exploiting the vulnerability and causing harm. However, the question specifically asks what the IRT's finding about FTP represents, and that finding is the identification of a weakness in the system design. The use of clear-text authentication is a well-known security weakness, making it easier for attackers to capture credentials through network traffic interception.
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 risk assessment logic requires organizations to distinguish clearly between threats, vulnerabilities, and risks during incident analysis. The IRT did exactly this by identifying that the protocol itself lacked encryption, which is a vulnerability. This is further supported by the corrective action taken:
replacing FTP with SSH. SSH provides encrypted communication, which directly addresses the vulnerability by removing the weakness that allowed credential exposure.
Therefore, the IRT's findings correctly identify FTP as a vulnerability, making option A the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 132
情境 6
Sinvestment是一家提供多種保險方案的保險公司，包括房屋保險、商業保險和人壽保險。該公司最初成立於北加州，現已將業務拓展至歐洲和非洲等其他地區。除了業務成長之外，Sinvestment還致力於遵守其所在行業的相關法律法規，並防止任何資訊安全事件的發生。他們已實施基於ISO標準的資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)。
/IEC 27001，並已申請認證。
認證機構指派了一支審核團隊進行審核。審核團隊與Sinvestment簽署保密協議後，便開始了審核工作。第一階段審核的所有活動均在現場進行，但應Sinvestment的要求，對已存檔資訊的審查工作將以遠端方式進行。
審計團隊首先進行了第一階段審計，審查了所需文件，包括資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)範圍聲明、資訊安全策略和內部審計報告。已記錄資訊的評估主要基於其內容和管理流程。
此外，審計人員還發現，與資訊安全培訓和意識提升專案相關的文件不完整，缺乏關鍵細節。當被問及此事時，Sinvestment 的高階管理人員表示，該公司已為所有員工提供了資訊安全培訓課程。
第二階段審計在第一階段審計三週後進行。審計小組發現，行銷部(未包含在審計範圍內)沒有控制員工存取權限的程序。
由於控制員工存取權限是 ISO/IEC 27001 的要求之一，並且已納入公司的資訊安全政策，因此該問題被納入了審計報告。
問題
針對第一階段審計中缺失的資訊安全訓練和意識程序，Sinvestment 應採取哪些措施？請參閱情境 6。
Answer: C
Explanation:
Sinvestment should correct the documentation deficiencies before proceeding to the stage 2 audit, making option A the correct answer. The purpose of the stage 1 audit is to assess the organization's readiness for certification, including the adequacy and completeness of required documented information. Identified gaps during stage 1 are intended to be resolved prior to stage 2 to avoid major nonconformities.
ISO/IEC 27001 requires organizations to maintain documented information for information security awareness, education, and training. While Sinvestment's management stated that training was delivered, the absence of complete documentation represents a failure to demonstrate conformity. Audits rely on objective evidence, not verbal assurances.
Option B is incorrect because deferring corrective action until after certification contradicts the intent of the two-stage audit process. Stage 2 should only proceed once readiness gaps are addressed. Option C is incorrect because the issue is not a risk identification problem but a documentation and evidence problem. The existence of training is not in question; the lack of proper documentation is.
Therefore, Sinvestment should update the documentation promptly and provide it to the audit team before stage 2.
NEW QUESTION # 133
問題：
下列哪一種情況構成威脅？
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
* C. Correct Answer - This is a Threat. A cyberattack exploiting a zero-day vulnerability is an active security threat, as it causes harm to the organization.
* A. Employee accessing unauthorized files is a vulnerability (insider risk) rather than an external threat.
* B. Lack of MFA is a security weakness (vulnerability), not a threat.
This aligns with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A Control A.8.25 (Assessment and Decision on Information Security Events).
NEW QUESTION # 134
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