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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| The Scrum Framework | - Scrum Events - Scrum Roles - Scrum Artifacts |
| Product Backlog Management | - Backlog Refinement - Stakeholder Management |
| Done and Undone Work | - Definition of Done |
| Facilitation and Coaching | - Coaching - Facilitation - Teaching |
| Scrum Theory and Empiricism | - Complex adaptive systems - Empirical process control - Scrum Values |
| Scrum in the Organization | - Scaling Scrum - Organizational Design and Culture |
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質問 # 17
A Scrum Master is working with a Development Team that has members in different physical locations.
Development Team meets in a variety of meeting rooms and has much to do logistically (for example, setup conference calls) before the Daily Scrum. What action should be Scrum Master take?
正解：
解説：
When a Development Team is distributed across different physical locations and faces logistical overhead just to start theDaily Scrum, this situation represents animpediment to effective inspection and adaptation. As a Scrum Master, the appropriate action is toenable the team to inspect and adapt more effectively, not to control or manage logistics on their behalf.
1. Help the Team Establish a Stable and Simple Daily Scrum Setup
The Scrum Master should work with the Development Team toinspect and improve how the Daily Scrum is conducted. This may include:
* Agreeing on afixed time and virtual location,
* Standardizing tools (e.g., always the same conferencing solution),
* Reducing setup effort so the event can start on time and remain within its 15-minute timebox.
This supports transparency and reduces unnecessary waste.
2. Remove or Reduce Organizational and Technical Impediments
If logistical difficulties stem from organizational constraints-such as lack of proper tooling, inadequate rooms, or unreliable communication infrastructure-the Scrum Master shouldaddress these as impediments.
This may involve working with IT or management to provide stable tools that enable smooth collaboration.
3. Coach the Team Toward Self-Management
Rather than running the Daily Scrum or handling logistics personally, the Scrum Master shouldcoach the Developers to self-managehow they organize the event. The goal is for the team to own and continuously improve the Daily Scrum in a way that fits their distributed context.
質問 # 18
What risk is introduced if not all Development Team members are present for the Daily Scrum?
正解：
解説：
If not all Development Team members are present at theDaily Scrum, several risks are introduced that undermineempiricism, collaboration, and the team's ability to achieve theSprint Goal.
First,transparency is reduced. The Daily Scrum exists to create a shared understanding of progress, plans, and impediments. When some Developers are absent, their work, discoveries, risks, or impediments are not fully visible to the rest of the team. This results in an incomplete or inaccurate picture of the Sprint Backlog's current state.
Second,inspection becomes ineffective. The Daily Scrum is the primary event where Developers inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal. Missing perspectives means that inspection is based on partial information, increasing the likelihood that important issues-such as integration problems, dependencies, or quality concerns-go unnoticed until later in the Sprint.
Third,adaptation is delayed or suboptimal. Without full participation, the team may make planning adjustments that do not account for all constraints or opportunities. This can lead to rework, misalignment, or duplicated effort, and increases the risk of failing to meet the Sprint Goal.
Fourth, the absence of team members weakenscollective ownership and accountability. The Daily Scrum reinforces that the Developers are jointly responsible for the Sprint Goal. Regular absence can create silos, reduce collaboration, and signal that shared planning and alignment are optional.
Finally, over time, inconsistent attendance can turn the Daily Scrum into astatus meeting for those present, rather than a collaborative planning event for the whole team. This undermines Scrum Values, particularly Commitment, Respect, and Openness.
質問 # 19
A Scrum Team has been working on a product for nine Sprints. A new Product Owner comes in, understanding he is accountable for the Product Backlog. However, he is unsure about his responsibilities.
Which two activities are part of the Product Owner role according to Scrum?
正解：
解説：
According to Scrum, theProduct Owneris accountable formaximizing the value of the productand for effectiveProduct Backlog management. Two key activities that are explicitly part of this role are:
1. Ordering the Product Backlog to Maximize Value
The Product Owner is responsible forordering the Product Backlogso that the most valuable work is done first. This ordering reflects:
* Business and customer value,
* Risk and uncertainty,
* Strategic goals and learning from previous Sprints.
Through this activity, the Product Owner ensures that the Scrum Team is always working on what matters most.
2. Ensuring Product Backlog Items Are Transparent, Clear, and Understood The Product Owner ensures that Product Backlog Items are:
* Clearly expressed,
* Transparent to the Scrum Team and stakeholders,
* Understood well enough for Developers to select them during Sprint Planning.
This does not mean writing detailed requirements alone, butcollaboratingso that shared understanding exists.
質問 # 20
You are a Scrum Master working with a Scrum Team. The Development Team constantly complain that requirements are not clear enough. The Product Owner claims she is too busy to provide extra clarity. What should you do?
正解：
解説：
This situation represents a breakdown inProduct Backlog transparency and collaboration, which directly threatens empiricism and value delivery. As a Scrum Master, my responsibility is not to solve the problem myself, but toenable the Scrum Team and the organization to resolve it.
1. Reframe the Problem: Requirements vs. Product Backlog
First, I would help both parties reframe the issue. In Scrum, we do not work with "requirements" in a traditional, fixed sense. Instead, we work with aProduct Backlog that is emergent, ordered, and continuously refined. Lack of clarity in Product Backlog Items means that the backlog is not in a usable state, which is an impediment to the Developers.
2. Make the Impact Transparent
Next, I would facilitate a conversation to make the impact of unclear backlog itemstransparent:
* Developers cannot reliably forecast work,
* Sprint Goals are put at risk,
* Rework and waste increase,
* Delivery of value slows down.
This conversation should involve the Product Owner and be grounded inevidence, not blame. The goal is shared understanding of the consequences, not assigning fault.
3. Reinforce Product Owner Accountability
The Scrum Guide is clear that theProduct Owner is accountable for maximizing value and for Product Backlog management, which includes ensuring that Product Backlog Items are clear, understood, and ordered. Being "too busy" does not remove this accountability. As a Scrum Master, I wouldcoach the Product Ownerto recognize that insufficient availability is itself an organizational impediment.
4. Enable Collaboration, Not Handoffs
At the same time, I would coach the Developers that clarity is oftenco-created, not simply provided. Scrum encourages close collaboration between Developers and the Product Owner. Techniques such as:
* Regular Product Backlog refinement,
* Joint discussions during Sprint Planning,
* Asking focused questions around the Sprint Goal,can significantly improve shared understanding without relying on detailed upfront specifications.
5. Address Organizational Constraints
If the Product Owner's lack of availability is due to organizational overload or competing responsibilities, this becomes asystemic impediment. In that case, the Scrum Master must raise this issue to the organization and help leadership understand that a Product Owner who is not sufficiently available puts product outcomes at risk.
質問 # 21
The Product Owner asks the Development Team to pick up a very urgent item late in Sprint that was not forecasted, nor is itrelated to the Sprint Goal. The Development Team believes it can pick this up, as it is close to meeting the Sprint Goal. But, thiswould involve not meeting their process improvement goal agreed upon during the last Sprint Retrospective. The ProductOwner argues that, as it's the highest priority to satisfy the customer, the needs of the customer have a higher priority than theprocess improvement goal for the team.
What is your view on this as a Scrum Master?
正解：
解説：
From a Scrum Master's perspective, this situation must be approached by balancingrespect for Scrum accountabilities,protection of empiricism, andlong-term value delivery, rather than reacting solely to short- term urgency.
First, it is important to reaffirm that theDevelopment Team owns the Sprint Backlog. According to the Scrum Guide, once the Sprint has started, changes to the Sprint Backlog are negotiatedonly between the Product Owner and the Development Team, and the Development Team has thefinal sayon whether additional work can be taken on. Therefore, the Product Owner cannot unilaterally force the urgent item into the Sprint, even if it represents the highest customer priority. If the Development Team believes it can incorporate the item without jeopardizing the Sprint Goal, it may choose to do so-but this remains their decision.
Second, the Scrum Master should help the Product Owner understand thatnot all priorities are equal within a Sprint. The Sprint Goal provides focus and stability, and work that is not related to the Sprint Goal introduces risk. While satisfying the customer is important, Scrum explicitly valuessustainable improvement and learning. The process improvement goal agreed upon during the Sprint Retrospective represents a deliberate investment in the team's effectiveness. Sacrificing this improvement for short-term delivery may create a local optimization thatharms long-term customer value.
Third, the Scrum Master should coach both the Product Owner and the Development Team on thesystemic impact of slowing process improvements. Continuous improvement is a core expectation of Scrum, and the Scrum Guide states that the Scrum Team should plan ways to increase quality and effectiveness. When improvement goals are repeatedly deprioritized, delivery predictability, quality, and morale eventually decline-directly affecting customers. Therefore, the Product Owner's argument that customer needs always outweigh improvement work reflects ashort-term mindsetthat the Scrum Master should challenge through education and coaching.
Fourth, this situation should beinspected during the Sprint Retrospective. The team should reflect on why urgent, unplanned work appears late in the Sprint, whether it represents a recurringpattern, and how this impacts Sprint Goals and improvement commitments. The Scrum Master should facilitate this discussion to ensure transparency and learning, rather than blame.
Finally, if this behavior becomes a pattern, the Scrum Master must take a more active stance. This includes teaching and reminding the Scrum Team that at least one improvement from the Sprint Retrospective should be planned into the upcoming Sprint. This protects the intent of the Retrospective and ensures that improvement is not treated as optional or expendable work.
質問 # 22
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無料でクラウドストレージから最新のJpshiken PSM-III PDFダンプをダウンロードする：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RE1du2OGBDV-psFg5Fvn-amfTc80VLJf