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CIPS L4M5 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Understand key approaches in the negotiation of commercial agreements with external organisations35%- Power dynamics in negotiation
  • 1. Impact of power balance on outcomes
  • 2. Sources of power and influence
  • 3. Relationship types and their effect on negotiation
- Application of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply
  • 1. Sources and management of conflict
  • 2. Definitions and purpose of commercial negotiation
  • 3. Team and stakeholder management in negotiation
  • 4. Position within the CIPS procurement cycle
- Types of negotiation approaches
  • 1. Collaborative / integrative (win-win)
  • 2. BATNA, target setting and reservation price
  • 3. Distributive / competitive (win-lose)
  • 4. Pragmatic and principled negotiation styles
Understand how commercial negotiations should be undertaken30%- Tactics and influencing methods
  • 1. Cultural and ethical considerations
  • 2. Persuasion and influencing techniques
  • 3. Managing concessions and deadlocks
- Communication skills
  • 1. Non-verbal communication and emotional intelligence
  • 2. Active listening and questioning
- Stages of negotiation
  • 1. Opening, exploring, bargaining, closing and implementing
- Review and improvement
  • 1. Documenting agreements and lessons learned
  • 2. Evaluating results and performance
Know how to prepare for negotiations with external organisations35%- Negotiation criteria and objectives
  • 1. Prioritising issues and trade-offs
  • 2. Defining measurable outcomes
- Cost and price analysis
  • 1. Cost modelling and price analysis techniques
  • 2. Types of costs and pricing structures
- Economic and market factors
  • 1. Inflation, exchange rates and risk factors
  • 2. Supply and demand conditions
  • 3. Market structure and competition
- Planning and resources
  • 1. Information gathering and market intelligence
  • 2. Team roles and preparation plans

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CIPS Commercial Negotiation Sample Questions (Q237-Q242):

NEW QUESTION # 237
XYZ Ltd is importing goods from overseas. They prefer to pay theirsupplier in their own currency. Which of the following is a true statement?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The effect of a change of relative exchange rates will be determined by which currency you pay your supplier in.
Table Description automatically generated

LO 2, AC 2.2


NEW QUESTION # 238
In what circumstances is the bargaining power of suppliers likely to be high, in relation to buyer power?
Select the THREE that apply:

Answer: A,B,F

Explanation:
Reference: CIPS L4M5 Study Guide, Section 2.3 - Market Factors and Analysis


NEW QUESTION # 239
Champion Toys (CT) is negotiating a large order of luxury toys with its supplier, Top Teds. CT has identified that lead times, order quantities, and delivery locations are tradeables that could be used in this negotiation. At which negotiation stage should CT introduce these tradeables?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Bargaining is the negotiation stage where tradeables are typically introduced and discussed. During this phase, both parties exchange offers and concessions, using tradeables such as lead times and order quantities to find a mutually acceptable agreement. This aligns with CIPS's guidance on the stages of negotiation.


NEW QUESTION # 240
The buyer's bargaining power tends to berelatively higher than supplier's bargaining power in which of the following circumstances?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Buyer power gives customers/consumers (buyers) the ability to squeeze industry margins by pressuring firms (the suppliers) to reduce prices or increase the quality of services or products offered.
There are four major factors to consider when determining the bargaining power of buyers:
1. Number of buyers relative to suppliers: If the number of buyers is small relative to that of suppliers,the buyer's power will be stronger.
2. Dependence of a buyer's purchase on a particular supplier: If a buyer is able to get similar products/services from other suppliers, buyers depend less on a particular supplier. Therefore, the power of the buyer would be greater.
3. Switching costs: If there are not many alternative suppliers available, the cost of switching is high.
Therefore, buyer power would be low.
4. Backward Integration: If the buyer is able to integrate or merge suppliers, the buyer has greater bargaining power over the existing suppliers.
When is Bargaining Power of Buyers High/Strong?
There are fewer buyers relative to that of suppliers
The switching costs of the buyer are low
If the buyer is able to backward integrate
The buyer purchases product in bulk (high volume)
The buyer is able to get similar product/services from other suppliers
The buyer purchases the majority of the seller's products
Several substitutes are available on the market
Product is not differentiated


NEW QUESTION # 241
Which of the following may help the procurement professional increase expert power in commercial negotiation? Select TWO that apply.

Answer: A,E

Explanation:
:
Expert power is based on a person's high levels of skill and knowledge, formal training, qualifications and experience in a particular procurement category would give someone expert status and mean that in negotiation their voice is listened to as a more objective, informed knowledge leader. Expert power is based on facts, knowledge, research, insight and study.
Legitimate power comes from rules, formal authority, organisation rank, staff rate or official position held.
Reward power comes from one person's ability to compensate or reward another for compliance.
Referent power stems from their personality, way of engaging with others and habit of acting in a way that is in line with a strong set of values and principles.


NEW QUESTION # 242
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