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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: IPv6 Routing | 20% | - BGP4+ and IPv6 route deployment - IPv6 addressing and transition technologies - OSPFv3 and IS-IS for IPv6 |
| Topic 2: Network O&M | 7% | - Network monitoring and management tools - Performance optimization and capacity planning |
| Topic 3: Advanced BGP Features | 10% | - Route reflectors and confederations - BGP route attributes and policies - BGP path control and filtering |
| Topic 4: MPLS Technologies | 19% | - MPLS protection and fast reroute - MPLS VPN and traffic engineering - MPLS basics and label distribution |
| Topic 5: Network Cutover and Migration | 7% | - Service switchover and verification - Migration strategies and risk control |
| Topic 6: Advanced IGP Features | 17% | - IGP route selection and control - OSPF advanced features and optimization - IS-IS advanced features and convergence |
| Topic 7: Advanced Ethernet Technologies | 10% | - Ethernet OAM and protection mechanisms - Advanced link aggregation and reliability - VLAN stacking and QinQ |
| Topic 8: Network Troubleshooting | 10% | - Troubleshooting routing and switching issues - Fault diagnosis and analysis methods |
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NEW QUESTION # 148
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, R1 and R2 use OSPF to communicate with each other through Loopback0. In addition:
* MPLS LDP is enabled on R1 and R2.
* The LDP transport address is the IP address of Loopback0.
* A network engineer finds that an LDP session cannot be established between R1 and R2 and runs diagnostic commands (shown in the figure) to locate the fault.
Given this, which of the following are possible causes of the fault?
Options:
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
1. Understanding MPLS LDP (Label Distribution Protocol)
* LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) runs over TCP port 646.
* LDP uses the transport address (Loopback0 in this case) to establish TCP sessions between neighbors.
* For an LDP session to be established, both routers must:
* Enable LDP on the interface (GE0/0/1).
* Allow TCP traffic on port 646 (used for LDP adjacency formation).
2. Analyzing the Issue and Possible Causes
* The figure shows a successful ping from R2 to R1's Loopback0 (10.0.1.1/32).
* This means basic IP connectivity between R1 and R2 is working.
* OSPF is properly advertising Loopback0 addresses between the routers.
* The problem must be related to LDP itself, not general IP reachability.
3. Evaluating Each Answer Option
* Option A: " R1's GE0/0/1 rejects packets with the destination IP address 10.0.2.2. "
* Incorrect.
* The ping test in the figure shows successful replies from 10.0.1.1 to 10.0.2.2, meaning packets to
10.0.2.2 are not being rejected.
* This is NOT the cause of the LDP failure.
* Option B: " MPLS LDP is not enabled on R2's GE0/0/1. "
* Correct.
* If LDP is not enabled on R2's GE0/0/1, then R1 and R2 cannot form an LDP session.
* MPLS LDP must be enabled on both interfaces for label exchange.
* This is a valid cause of the issue.
* Option C: " R2's GE0/0/1 rejects packets with TCP destination port 646. "
* Correct.
* LDP operates over TCP port 646, so if R2's GE0/0/1 has a firewall or ACL blocking TCP port
646, then LDP will fail.
* Blocking TCP 646 on R2's interface would prevent the session from establishing.
* This is another valid cause of the issue.
* Option D: " R1's GE0/0/1 rejects packets with UDP destination port 646. "
* Incorrect.
* LDP does not use UDP; it uses TCP port 646.
* This is not a valid cause of the issue.
Final Answer:
# B and C are correct.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology References:
* MPLS LDP Session Establishment and TCP 646 Dependency
* How OSPF Advertises Loopback0 for LDP Transport
* Common LDP Debugging Techniques and ACL Issues
NEW QUESTION # 149
On the network shown in the figure, the network administrator configures the DHCP snooping trust function on the switch.
* GE0/0/2 is a trusted interface (connected to the DHCP Server).
* GE0/0/3 is an untrusted interface (potential attacker).
Which of the following statements are true about the two interfaces?
Options:
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
1. Understanding DHCP Snooping
DHCP Snooping is a security feature that filters untrusted DHCP messages to prevent attacks such as:
* Rogue DHCP servers distributing incorrect IP addresses.
* DHCP starvation attacks.
In DHCP Snooping, switch ports are classified as:
* Trusted Interfaces: Allow both DHCP requests and DHCP responses to pass through.
* Untrusted Interfaces: Allow only DHCP requests but drop DHCP responses (to prevent rogue DHCP servers).
2. Analyzing Each Answer Option
* Option A: "When receiving a DHCP response packet on GE0/0/2, the switch forwards the packet through GE0/0/1."
* Correct.
* GE0/0/2 is a trusted interface (connected to the DHCP server).
* DHCP responses (ACK, NAK, OFFER) come from the DHCP Server.
* Since DHCP responses are allowed on trusted interfaces, the switch forwards them to the client (PC1) via GE0/0/1.
* Option B: "When receiving a DHCP request packet on GE0/0/2, the switch forwards the packet through GE0/0/3."
* Incorrect.
* DHCP requests originate from clients (PC1, attackers, etc.), not from the DHCP server.
* The DHCP request should be forwarded to the DHCP server via a trusted interface (not GE0/0
/3, which is untrusted).
* Option C: "When receiving a DHCP response packet on GE0/0/3, the switch forwards the packet through GE0/0/1."
* Incorrect.
* GE0/0/3 is an untrusted interface (connected to the attacker).
* DHCP responses (ACK, OFFER) from untrusted interfaces are dropped to prevent rogue DHCP attacks.
* The switch will not forward the packet.
* Option D: "When receiving a DHCP request packet on GE0/0/3, the switch forwards the packet through GE0/0/2."
* Correct.
* DHCP requests originate from clients (PC1 or attacker).
* Since DHCP requests are allowed on untrusted interfaces, the switch forwards them to the DHCP server via the trusted interface (GE0/0/2).
Final Answer:
# A and D are correct.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology References:
* DHCP Snooping and Port Trust Classification
* How Trusted and Untrusted Ports Handle DHCP Packets
* Preventing Rogue DHCP Servers Using DHCP Snooping
NEW QUESTION # 150
(Multiple Choice) Which LSAs in OSPFv3 can be flooded in an area?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 151
An administrator runs the display mpls lsp command to view LSPs on a device. The command output is shown in the figure.
Which of the following statements is true?
Options:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
1. Understanding MPLS Label Forwarding Information
The output of the display mpls lsp command shows the Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) used by the router to forward MPLS packets.
Each entry consists of:
* FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class): The destination IP prefix.
* In Label / Out Label: Incoming label (received) and outgoing label (sent).
* In IF / Out IF: Incoming and outgoing interfaces.
2. Analyzing the Given LSP Table
FEC (Destination IP)
In Label
Out Label
Outgoing Interface
1.1.1.1/32
3
NULL
-
2.2.2.2/32
NULL
3
GE0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32
1026
3
GE0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32
NULL
1027
GE0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32
1027
1027
GE0/0/1
Key Observations:
* NULL means the label is removed (Penultimate Hop Popping - PHP).
* Label 3 is the implicit null label, meaning the label is removed before sending to the next router.
* For destination 3.3.3.3, the router adds label 1027 before forwarding it to GE0/0/1.
3. Evaluating Each Answer Option
* Option A: " Before forwarding a packet destined for 2.2.2.2, the device adds label 3 to the packet. " # Incorrect.
* The output shows that packets destined for 2.2.2.2 have the NULL (label 3) entry, which means the label is removed before forwarding, not added.
* Option B: " Before forwarding a packet destined for 1.1.1.1, the device adds label 3 to the packet. " # Incorrect.
* The entry 1.1.1.1 # 3/NULL means the label is removed (PHP), so the device does not add label 3.
* Option C: " Before forwarding a packet destined for any IP address, the device removes labels from the packet. " # Incorrect.
* The device removes labels only for some destinations (e.g., 1.1.1.1 and 2.2.2.2), but it adds label
1027 for 3.3.3.3.
* Not all IPs have their labels removed.
* Option D: " Before forwarding a packet destined for 3.3.3.3, the device adds label 1027 to the packet. "
# Correct.
* The entry 3.3.3.3 # NULL/1027 means that the router adds label 1027 before forwarding packets to GE0/0/1.
Final answer:
(Before forwarding a packet destined for 3.3.3.3, the device adds label 1027 to the packet).
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology References:
* Understanding MPLS LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) and LFIB
* Implicit Null (Label 3) and Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)
* MPLS Label Swapping and Forwarding Process
NEW QUESTION # 152
In the network shown in the figure, IS-IS IPv6 runs between R2, R6, and R3, and the IPv6 address of R6 Looback0 interface is 2000::6/128.
Other links all run OSPFv3. Area 1 is a stub area and Area 2 is an NSSA area. IS-IS routes are imported into OSPFv3 on R2 and R3. Which of the following methods can enable R4 to ping
2000::6? (Multiple choice)
Answer: A,B,C,D
NEW QUESTION # 153
......
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