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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Managing an ISO 14001 audit program | 5% | - Planning and implementing audit program - Monitoring and improving audit program |
| Topic 2: Conducting an ISO 14001 audit | 15% | - Generating audit findings and observations - Collecting and verifying audit evidence - Opening meeting and communication |
| Topic 3: Closing an ISO 14001 audit | 10% | - Follow-up and corrective action verification - Closing meeting and reporting - Evaluating findings and forming conclusions |
| Topic 4: Preparing an ISO 14001 audit | 15% | - Defining audit objectives, scope and criteria - Audit planning and resource allocation - Document review and preparation of checklist |
| Topic 5: Fundamental principles and concepts of an environmental management system | 15% | - Principles of environmental management - Concepts of EMS and process approach - Continual improvement and sustainability |
| Topic 6: Fundamental audit concepts and principles | 15% | - Independence, objectivity and evidence-based approach - Roles and responsibilities in auditing - Audit principles and ethics |
| Topic 7: Environmental management system requirements (ISO 14001:2015) | 25% | - Operation and control - Performance evaluation and improvement - Planning and risk management - Context of the organization - Leadership and commitment - Support and resources |
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質問 # 20
A group of 22 Italian restaurants in downtown San Francisco (US) established an EMS following the requirements of ISO 14001. You are performing an internal audit before the fourth certification cycle. The audit plan included an audit of the General Manager (GM) as the last interview before the closing meeting.
During the interview with the GM, you audit clause 10.3 (Continual improvement). The dialogue is as follows.
You: Could you please tell me how did you improve the EMS to enhance environmental performance (Clause
10.3)?
GM: One way to improve the EMS is to improve one or several of its processes. We decided to improve the water-consuming processes in all our branches. We use water in many of our processes (e.g. to wash our kitchens, our cutlery, plates, and glasses, to keep our floors clean). The idea was to review these processes in detail to reduce the amount of water used per customer. Each of the 22 branches sent us their results, we analysed the data and found out that the average water consumption per customer was reduced by 13%; therefore, we improved our environmental performance. We are happy about that.
You: What about the results in each branch?
GM: Have a look at this table:
Analysing this table, what would be your decision related to raising nonconformities to clause 10.3? Select two.
正解：B、E
質問 # 21
A multi-level shopping centre is open every day to the public from 09:00-21:00. During an external audit of the centre to ISO 14001, you establish that there are 40 vending machines that are permanently switched on.
Thirty of them do not sell perishable foodstuffs. You also note that there are eight escalators in the complex that run constantly during public access. When asked about environmental performance improvement objectives, the Centre Manager says that there are plans to increase the natural daylight by installing more skylights, thus saving on lighting costs, but the board has not yet approved the estimated budget for this.
You: I note that energy consumption is a significant environmental aspect in the centre. How do you mitigate the impacts of this?
EMS Manager: We try to reduce our energy costs by negotiating a better deal from the energy company. We are considering changing to one that only supplies electricity from renewable sources.
You: What steps have you taken to reduce overall consumption?
EMS Manager: We conducted awareness training for staff. For example, turning off lights in staff areas not being used.
You: I see that the escalators account for the highest usage of energy. Are there any objectives to try to reduce this?
EMS Manager: No, it would be too costly to change them.
You: How do you measure electricity consumption?
EMS Manager: We have meters installed on each floor of the centre. We take readings every hour, and we plot the consumption graph for every staff shift.
Select three options that would provide evidence of conformance with clause 9.1.1 of ISO 14001.
正解：A、D、F
解説：
The correct answers are C, D and F .
This question relates to ISO 14001:2015 Clause 9.1.1 - Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation .
Clause 9.1.1 requires the organisation to monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmental performance. The organisation must determine what needs to be monitored and measured, the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation, when monitoring and measurement will be performed, and when results will be analysed and evaluated. It must also ensure monitoring and measuring equipment is calibrated or verified, where appropriate.
C). Periodic analysis of the results of meter readings - Correct
The shopping centre is measuring electricity consumption using meters. Analysing meter readings periodically provides evidence that the organisation is evaluating environmental performance, not just collecting data.
D). Certification showing that the meters are calibrated to known standards - Correct Because the centre relies on electricity meters to measure energy consumption, calibration or verification evidence supports the validity of the measurement results.
F). A procedure that provides instructions in taking meter readings and using them to plot a graph - Correct This provides evidence that the organisation has defined a method for monitoring and measuring energy consumption and for presenting the data for analysis.
The other options are not the best answers for Clause 9.1.1:
A relates more to competence or awareness, not monitoring and measurement.
B relates to environmental objectives under Clause 6.2, not directly to Clause 9.1.1.
E is not relevant unless office temperature has been identified as something requiring monitoring.
G is an operational improvement action, not evidence of monitoring and measurement.
H may affect energy use, but increased visitor numbers alone do not demonstrate monitoring, measurement, analysis or evaluation.
Therefore, the three items that best demonstrate conformance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 9.1.1 are C, D and F .
質問 # 22
A chain of 10 paint shops in a city has established an EMS following the requirements of ISO 14001, which was third-party certified 10 years ago. You are performing a second-party audit. The audit plan included an interview with the General Manager (GM). The dialogue was as follows:
You: Hi, good evening. I have seen well-developed environmental risk assessment processes. However, I did not find the identification of emergency situations included in the results of this process. The Environmental Manager (EM) could not provide me with an acceptable answer to this question.
GM: The EM joined us two months ago, and he may not know some decisions we made some time ago, when we first certified our EMS. During those days, I met with all 10 supervisors and asked them what the emergencies were that they feared most. They unanimously said: fire. That was it. This is the only emergency we care about. As far as I remember, we do not test the plan very often because the supervisors of all our 10 shops know it very well. The auditors of our certification body accepted this. We have not had a fire in the last 10 years.
What evidence would you need to review to determine conformity with ISO 14001 in this scenario? Select six
.
正解：E、G、H、I、J、K
解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.2 (Emergency preparedness and response) and Clause 6.1.1 (Actions to address risks and opportunities), an organization must systematically identify potential emergency situations and periodically test planned response actions.
To evaluate conformity in this scenario, an auditor must examine six primary evidence trails:
* Reports of the last two fire drills performed (Option C): Verifies recent testing of response procedures required by Clause 8.2.
* Reports of audits from the certification body (Option E): Verifies previous audit findings and whether emergency preparedness was previously audited (Clause 9.2 / Clause 9.3).
* More details on whether the risk assessment process was applied to emergencies (Option F):
Evaluates whether chemical spills, solvent leaks, or fires were systematically assessed under Clause
6.1.1.
* Minutes of the meeting with supervisors where a fire was determined as the only emergency situation (Option H): Validates documented evidence supporting the determination of emergency scope.
* Shops that have tested the plan in the last 10 years (Option I): Assesses performance evidence regarding periodic testing across all 10 site locations under Clause 8.2.
* Reports of the management reviews (Option J): Confirms whether top management periodically evaluated emergency preparedness and response effectiveness under Clause 9.3.
Irrelevant options (such as supervisor replacements, general H & S signage, employee headcount, fire extinguisher inspections, or general competence records) relate to operational maintenance or OH & S rather than the core EMS emergency planning and evaluation process.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.1 (Risks and opportunities), Clause 8.2 (Emergency preparedness and response), Clause 9.3 (Management review), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Evaluating Emergency Preparedness Audit Trails).
質問 # 23
You have been nominated audit team leader for the second recertification to ISO 14001 of ABC, a public transport organisation in a big city. The audit is planned to take place in two months ' time. The audit program manager asks you to review the answer provided by ABC to a nonconformity raised during the last surveillance audit carried out eight months ago. The nonconformity reads as follows: " ABC does not always communicate its relevant environmental requirements to external providers. Evidence: A two-month contract signed with a new external provider of the maintenance for ABC ' s buses did not contain any relevant environmental requirements. " Which two would you consider to be the best acceptable corrections from ABC?
正解：B、E
解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 10.2 (Nonconformity and corrective action) and ISO 19011 Clause 6.6, a clear technical distinction exists between a correction (action taken to eliminate a detected nonconformity or mitigate its immediate effect) and a corrective action (action taken to eliminate the root cause and prevent recurrence).
In this scenario, the specific nonconformity is that relevant environmental requirements were not communicated in the bus maintenance contract, and the aspects of that provider were not systematically evaluated:
* Option A: Identifying the environmental aspects associated with the external provider ' s maintenance activities immediately corrects the technical gap regarding operational knowledge under Clause 6.1.2 and Clause 8.1.
* Option E: Directly revising the contract signed with the maintenance provider to incorporate specific environmental requirements corrects the immediate contractual omission specified in the audit finding.
Conversely, Option B (developing procurement procedures) and Option C (retraining personnel) represent corrective actions aimed at root causes to prevent future recurrence across procurement operations. Option D is unnecessary as policy commitments already encompass operational controls. Option F is an improper commercial action that does not fix the underlying documentation gap.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control), Clause 10.2 (Nonconformity and corrective action), ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.6, and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Distinguishing Corrections from Corrective Actions).
質問 # 24
You are leading a recertification audit of XM, a manufacturer of cosmetic products. After the initial certification, XM moved to another site.
After the opening meeting, you are visiting the new site with the production manager (PM). The dialogue is as follows:
You: It seems that you are doing some work in the right-hand corner of the site.
PM: Yes, when we moved to this site, there was a very old, three-story building; it was almost empty, and we decided to demolish it and build a new office for the administrative personnel. DEMO services are doing the job, which is almost over.
You: Do you know what the old building was used for?
PM: I was told that it was a warehouse for chemical storage, including a laboratory and toilets for the personnel. It also had a chimney. I do not know what for.
You: Did you consider it necessary to refer to some parts of the EMS for this work?
PM: No, we were busy moving all the equipment and materials to the new site. We did not have time to care about something that was going to disappear.
Which four audit trail issues would you follow?
正解：D、E、F、G
解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control) and Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), an organization must evaluate environmental aspects and establish operational controls for contractor activities performing work under its control.
The four selected audit trails directly address the key environmental risks associated with site demolition involving historical chemical storage and potential contamination:
* XM ' s contract with DEMO to conduct the work (Option B): Evaluates whether environmental controls, waste management standards, and compliance obligations were contractually specified under operational control requirements (Clause 8.1).
* XM ' s supervision of DEMO when doing the work (Option C): Verifies if XM exercised adequate oversight and monitoring over contractor activities to control environmental risks during demolition (Clause 8.1 / Clause 9.1.1).
* Environmental impacts related to the demolition (Option F): Investigates whether potential impacts (e.g., hazardous waste disposal, asbestos handling, soil/groundwater contamination from chemical residue, or chimney emissions) were identified and evaluated (Clause 6.1.2).
* Regulatory approval for DEMO ' s activities (Option H): Checks compliance obligations regarding statutory permits, waste transfer notes, or demolition licenses required by environmental authorities (Clause 6.1.3).
Irrelevant options such as DEMO's environmental or quality policies, DEMO ' s business profile, or auditing DEMO ' s head office personnel fall outside the boundary of auditing XM ' s management system control over its site activities.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clauses 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), 6.1.3 (Compliance obligations), 8.1 (Operational planning and control), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Managing Contractors and Audit Trails).
質問 # 25
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