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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Malware and Incident Response Forensics | 10% | - Forensics in incident response - Malware artifacts and indicators - Reporting and documentation - Static and dynamic malware analysis |
| Digital Evidence Acquisition and Preservation | 15% | - Storage and transport of evidence - Evidence integrity and hashing - Forensic imaging and verification - Data acquisition methods and tools |
| Computer Forensics Investigation Process | 15% | - Investigation phase - Chain of custody and evidence handling - Post-investigation and reporting - Pre-investigation phase |
| Operating System Forensics | 10% | - Mac OS forensics - System artifacts and logs - Windows forensics - Linux forensics |
| Dark Web and Anti-Forensics | 10% | - Tor browser and artifact analysis - Detecting and countering anti-forensics - Anti-forensics techniques - Dark web concepts and tools |
| Network and Web Forensics | 10% | - Email and messaging forensics - Network logs and traffic analysis - Web server and application logs - Investigating web attacks |
| File Systems and Storage Media Analysis | 15% | - Recovering deleted and hidden data - Metadata analysis - Disk structures and partitions - FAT, NTFS, EXT file systems |
| Computer Forensics Fundamentals | 15% | - Types of digital evidence - Forensic readiness planning - Roles and responsibilities of forensic investigators - Concepts and principles of digital forensics - Legal and ethical frameworks |
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問題 #23
Which of the following file systems of Windows replaces the first letter of a deleted file name with the hex byte code "e5h"?
答案：A
解題說明：
InFAT (File Allocation Table)file systems (FAT12/16/32), directory entries are fixed-size records that include an8.3 filename field. When a file is deleted, FAT typically does not immediately erase the file's content; instead, it marks the directory entry as deleted by replacing thefirst character of the filenamewith the special marker byte0xE5(often written asE5h). This is a key forensic behavior because it means the file's metadata entry may still be present in the directory table, and the data clusters may remain recoverable until they are reused and overwritten. Examiners can often reconstruct the original filename's first character only through context or by correlating other artifacts, but the remainder of the directory entry (timestamps, size, starting cluster) can still assist recovery.
The other options do not match this mechanism.NTFSuses Master File Table records and marks deletions differently (file record flags and index changes), not by overwriting the first filename byte with E5h.EFSis an encryption feature layered on NTFS, not a distinct file system deletion marker.FHSis a UNIX/Linux directory layout standard, unrelated to Windows disk structures. Therefore, the correct answer isFAT (A).
問題 #24
Bob, a network specialist in an organization, is attempting to identify malicious activities in the network. In this process, Bob analyzed specific data that provided him a summary of a conversation between two network devices, including a source IP and source port, a destination IP and destination port, the duration of the conversation, and the information shared during the conversation.
Which of the following types of network-based evidence was collected by Bob in the above scenario?
答案：A
解題說明：
The description matchessession data, often calledflow records(for example, NetFlow/IPFIX-style evidence).
In network forensics, session/flow evidence summarizes a communication "conversation" between two endpoints using the5-tuple(source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port, and protocol) and typically addsstart/end time or duration,bytes/packets sent, and sometimes directionality. This allows an investigator to reconstructwho talked to whom, when, and for how long, even when packet payloads are unavailable (because of encryption, storage limits, or privacy constraints).
"Full content data" refers to complete packet captures (PCAP) containing payload bytes; that is far more detailed and would include the actual transmitted content, not just a summary. "Statistical data" is broader aggregate metrics (overall bandwidth trends, interface counters) and generally lacks per-conversation attribution. "Alert data" comes from IDS/IPS/SIEM detections and represents triggered events or signatures, not a neutral conversation summary.
Because Bob's evidence contains per-connection identifiers (IPs/ports) and conversation duration-typical of flow/session summaries-the correct evidence type isSession data (C).
問題 #25
Jack, a forensic investigator, was appointed to investigate a Windows-based security incident. In this process, he employed an Autopsy tool to recover the deleted files from unallocated space, which helps in gathering potential evidence.
Which of the following functions of Autopsy helped Jack recover the deleted files?
答案：C
解題說明：
When a file is deleted on common file systems, the operating system typically removes the directory reference and marks the previously used clusters/blocks asunallocated, but the underlying file content may remain on disk until it is overwritten. Digital forensics procedures emphasize that recovering such deleted content often requires examining unallocated space rather than relying only on file system metadata.Autopsy's "Data Carving"function is specifically intended for this purpose: it scans unallocated space (and sometimes slack space) forfile signatures(headers/footers and internal structure patterns) and reconstructs recoverable files even when the original filename, path, or metadata is missing.
This directly matches the scenario: Jack recovered deleted files fromunallocated space, which is the classic use case for carving. The other options in Autopsy support different investigative goals.Timeline analysiscorrelates timestamps from multiple artifacts to reconstruct sequences of activity, but it does not itself reconstruct deleted file content from raw disk areas.Web artifactsfocuses on browser history, downloads, cookies, and related traces.Multimediahelps categorize and analyze media files (e.g., images/videos), but it is not the primary mechanism for recovering deleted data from unallocated space. Therefore, the Autopsy function that enabled the recovery described isData carving (D)
問題 #26
Below are the various steps involved in an email crime investigation.
1.Acquiring the email data
2.Analyzing email headers
3.Examining email messages
4.Recovering deleted email messages
5.Seizing the computer and email accounts
6.Retrieving email headers
What is the correct sequence of steps involved in the investigation of an email crime?
答案：C
解題說明：
In an email crime investigation, the workflow should begin withseizing the computer and email accounts (5)to preserve evidence and prevent alteration, deletion, or continued misuse. This includes securing endpoints and ensuring account access is maintained under proper authority. Next, investigators proceed withacquiring the email data (1)using forensic methods (logical export, mailbox acquisition, or forensic imaging of local mail stores) to maintain integrity and chain of custody.
Once the data is preserved, investigatorsexamine email messages (3)to identify relevant communications, context, attachments, and indicators of fraud, harassment, data leakage, or impersonation. After identifying emails of interest, investigatorsretrieve email headers (6)(full headers, not just what the mail client displays) because headers contain routing metadata required for attribution and timeline reconstruction. They thenanalyze email headers (2)to interpret fields such as Received lines, Message-ID, originating IP clues (where applicable), sending infrastructure, and authentication results, which helps determine spoofing, relay paths, and sender legitimacy. Finally, theyrecover deleted email messages (4)from mail stores, server-side retention, or unallocated space to restore missing evidence. This sequence matches optionA.
問題 #27
Kelly, a professional hacker, used her laptop to perform illegal cyber activities for monetary gain on many victims. She securely locked her laptop using BitLocker software. Using this tool, she locked an entire volume using a secret key to deny access to the system.
Identify the anti-forensic technique used by Don in the above scenario.
答案：B
解題說明：
The scenario describes the use ofBitLockerto lock an entire disk volume with asecret key, preventing access to the contents. In digital forensics, this is a classic example ofencryption as an anti-forensics technique. Full- disk or full-volume encryption transforms readable data into ciphertext using cryptographic algorithms so that, without the correct key (password, recovery key, TPM-bound protector, etc.), the data is computationally infeasible to interpret. This directly obstructs evidence acquisition and analysis because a forensic image of the drive will largely contain encrypted blocks rather than interpretable file system structures and user data.
This differs from the other options:file carvingis a forensic recovery method (often used by investigators) that reconstructs files from unallocated space; it is not an anti-forensics method used to block access.Artifact wipingattempts to erase traces by deleting or overwriting files, logs, or free space, but it does not inherently prevent access to remaining data if wiping is incomplete.Trail obfuscationinvolves misleading or altering logs and traces to confuse investigators, whereas encryption primarilydenies content visibilityby design. Because BitLocker is explicitly a volume encryption mechanism used here to deny access, the correct anti-forensic technique isEncryption (D).
問題 #28
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從Google Drive中免費下載最新的Testpdf 112-57 PDF版考試題庫：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wdXtj95D2ZoQyo9yjR3g7lTOUVoA-yrm