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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - Airway, breathing, and circulation management - Initial patient assessment - General patient impression and priority determination - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions |
| Topic 2: EMS Operations | 10–14% | - EMS system roles and responsibilities - Documentation and legal aspects - Emergency vehicle operations and safety - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations |
| Topic 3: Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Focused history and physical exam - Symptom assessment and history taking - Vital signs and monitoring |
| Topic 4: Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Hazard recognition and management - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness |
| Topic 5: Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Medication administration and protocols - Patient packaging and transport procedures - Medical and trauma care interventions - Communication with receiving facilities |
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NEW QUESTION # 150
A choking patient becomes unresponsive. What should the EMT perform next? Select the two correct options.
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
If a choking patient becomes unresponsive, EMTs should:
* Check for a pulse
* Begin chest compressions if no pulse is foundChest compressions can help dislodge the object. After compressions, the airway should be opened and inspected. Back blows are not appropriate for unconscious patients.
Ventilation is attempted after clearing the airway or if no object is seen. Do not withhold compressions waiting for object removal.
References:
AHA BLS Provider Manual (2020) - Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Algorithm NREMT Airway Skills Sheet - Obstructed Airway National EMS Education Standards - Respiratory and Airway Management
NEW QUESTION # 151
An 83-year-old patient is unresponsive and lying on the floor. The patient has a large bruise and laceration on the forehead. The patient's vital signs are BP 90/60, P 126, and R 0. Which of the following conditions should the EMT most suspect?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Given fall with head trauma and absent respirations, the most concerning cause is spinal injury, particularly a cervical spine fracture. A high cervical injury (C1-C4) can paralyze the diaphragm, leading to apnea despite a beating heart.
Brain herniation can also depress respirations but often presents with unequal pupils, posturing, and Cushing's triad (not described here). Commotio cordis is sudden cardiac arrest from blunt chest trauma (not head). Open pneumothorax affects chest mechanics, not directly linked here.
References:
NREMT Trauma Skills - Spinal Assessment
Brady Emergency Care (13th ed.), Chapter: Spine Injuries
National EMS Education Standards - CNS Trauma and Spinal Immobilization
NEW QUESTION # 152
A program whose efforts are to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent is called:
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is A. secondary prevention.
Key Concept: Levels of Prevention
EMS and public health recognize three levels of prevention:
* Primary prevention
* Prevents the injury or illness before it occurs
* Example: seat belts, vaccinations
* Secondary prevention #
* Reduces the effects of an illness or injury that has already occurred or cannot be fully prevented
* Focuses on early detection and limiting severity
* Tertiary prevention
* Reduces long-term complications and disability
* Example: rehabilitation
Why A is correct (Secondary Prevention):
* The question states:"limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent"
* This directly matches the definition of secondary prevention, which aims to:
* Minimize severity
* Detect problems early
* Prevent worsening
Why the other options are incorrect:
* B. Primary prevention# Focuses on stopping the problem before it starts, not limiting effects
* C. Reactive prevention# Not a recognized EMS/public health category
* D. Proactive prevention# Also not a formal classification in EMS prevention models Key Takeaway:
* Primary = prevent occurrence
* Secondary = limit effects (correct answer)
* Tertiary = reduce long-term impact
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - EMS Operations (Prevention & Public Health) AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured NHTSA EMS Education Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 153
What finding indicates that a mild airway obstruction has become a severe obstruction?
Answer: B
Explanation:
NREMT distinguishes mild versus severe airway obstruction primarily by the patient's ability to move air. In a mild obstruction, the patient can cough forcefully, speak, and exchange air. A severe obstruction occurs when airflow is critically impaired.
Option A (Ineffective cough) is the key indicator that a mild obstruction has progressed to a severe one. An ineffective or silent cough means the patient can no longer generate enough airflow to clear the obstruction, placing them at imminent risk of hypoxia and cardiac arrest.
Option B is a late sign of hypoxia but does not define severity of obstruction.
Option C is not specific to airway obstruction severity.
Option D indicates a mild obstruction, not severe.
NREMT teaches that once a cough becomes ineffective, immediate airway intervention is required.
NEW QUESTION # 154
A 69-year-old patient has worsening respiratory symptoms secondary to congestive heart failure. Which of the following actions are proper techniques for auscultating the patient ' s lung sounds? Select the three answer options that are correct.
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are A, B, and C . Proper lung auscultation technique includes listening to at least one full respiratory cycle at each location and placing the stethoscope on bare skin rather than over clothing.
Authoritative respiratory examination guidance also emphasizes comparing both sides systematically. ( PMC ) For a patient with congestive heart failure , it is appropriate to auscultate the bilateral lung bases first because CHF commonly produces bilateral basal crackles from pulmonary edema, often most noticeable at the posterior bases. ( NCBI )
NEW QUESTION # 155
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