NBNSC-CNSC덤프를 퍼펙트하게 공부하시면 보다 쉽게 시험에서 패스할수 있습니다. 다년간 IT업계에 종사하신 전문가들이 NBNSC-CNSC인증시험을 부단히 연구하고 분석한 성과가 NBNSC-CNSC덤프에 고스란히 담겨져 있어 시험합격율이 100%에 달한다고 해도 과언이 아닌것 같습니다.NBNSC-CNSC덤프 구매의향이 있으신 분은 구매페이지에서 덤프 데모문제를 다운받아 보시고 구매결정을 하시면 됩니다.Itcertkr는 모든 분들이 시험에서 합격하시길 항상 기원하고 있습니다.
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Process Management | 5% | - Safety, compliance and regulatory standards - Documentation, ordering and inventory management - Guidelines, protocols and quality improvement |
| Professional Practice | 7% | - Education, counseling and patient advocacy - Legal and professional responsibilities - Ethics, scope of practice and interprofessional collaboration |
| Clinical Management | 57% | - Transition between nutrition support modalities - Monitoring, evaluation and adjustment of nutrition therapy - Enteral nutrition: selection, access, formulation, administration - Parenteral nutrition: access, formulation, compounding, administration - Management of complications and metabolic disorders |
| Nutrition Assessment | 31% | - Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessment - Determination of nutrition requirements and goals - Assessment of disease impact on nutrition status - Patient screening and risk identification |
Itcertkr는 여러분이 빠른 시일 내에NUTRITION NBNSC-CNSC인증시험을 효과적으로 터득할 수 있는 사이트입니다.NUTRITION NBNSC-CNSC인증 자격증은 일상생활에 많은 개변을 가져올 수 있는 시험입니다.NUTRITION NBNSC-CNSC인증 자격증을 소지한 자들은 당연히 없는 자들보다 연봉이 더 높을 거고 승진기회도 많아지며 IT업계에서의 발전도 무궁무진합니다.
질문 # 60
A deficiency of vitamin D can cause which of the following?
정답：C
설명：
Vitamin D, often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin," plays a critical role in the body, particularly in bone health and immune function. A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to several health issues, primarily associated with bone density and structural integrity. Here is an expanded explanation of the conditions that can arise from a deficiency of vitamin D:
1. **Malabsorption of Calcium and Phosphorus**: Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the diet. These minerals are vital for building and maintaining strong bones. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body cannot absorb enough calcium and phosphorus, leading to lower bone mineralization. This insufficiency can weaken bones, making them more susceptible to fractures and other injuries.
2. **Poor Bone and Tooth Formation**: Since vitamin D is essential for the proper mineralization of bone, its deficiency can impair the formation of bones and teeth. This can result in dental issues and delayed skeletal development, which might manifest as weaker or malformed bones and teeth in both children and adults.
3. **Development of Osteomalacia**: In adults, prolonged vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteomalacia, a condition characterized by the softening of bones. Symptoms of osteomalacia include diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and bone fragility. This condition is different from osteoporosis, as osteomalacia involves a defect in the bone-building process, whereas osteoporosis involves the weakening of previously constructed bone.
4. **Contribution to Osteoporosis**: Osteoporosis is a disease marked by decreased bone mass and the deterioration of bone tissue. While it is commonly associated with postmenopausal women, a deficiency in vitamin D can also contribute to this condition because it impairs calcium absorption, critical for maintaining strong bones. As a result, bones become more brittle and are more prone to fractures.
5. **Rickets in Children**: One of the most severe impacts of vitamin D deficiency is seen in young children in the form of rickets. This disease involves the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually due to inadequate vitamin D, leading to skeletal deformities, delayed growth, and in some cases, pain and tenderness in bones. Rickets was once a common health issue in children in the past, but now it is largely preventable with vitamin D supplementation and fortification of foods.
In summary, vitamin D deficiency can lead to several serious health problems, mainly affecting the bones and teeth. Ensuring adequate intake of vitamin D through diet, supplements, and sensible sun exposure is crucial for preventing these conditions and maintaining overall health.
질문 # 61
Although the brain represents only 2% of body mass, it consumes what percentage of energy provided by the diet?
정답：D
설명：
The human brain, while comprising only about 2% of the body's total mass, disproportionately consumes approximately 20% of the energy derived from our daily food intake. This substantial energy demand is crucial for maintaining the brain's complex functions, including cognition, motor control, and sensory processing. Despite its relatively small physical size, the brain's high metabolic rate underscores its importance and the intensity of its operational processes.
The reason behind this high energy consumption lies in the brain's need to maintain the electrical potentials of neurons and to fuel the transmission of signals throughout the nervous system. Neurons, the primary cells of the brain, communicate through electrochemical signals known as action potentials. These signals are crucial for everything from basic reflexes to complex decision-making. To generate these signals consistently, neurons use a significant amount of energy to pump ions across their membranes, a process vital for restoring the ion gradient after each action potential.
Additionally, the brain's energy consumption is not just limited to powering neuronal activities. It also extends to the maintenance and restructuring of synapses - the junctions where neurons communicate. Synapses are continuously formed and reformed throughout life in a process that underpins learning and memory. This synaptic activity is another energy-intensive process, further contributing to the brain's overall energy demands.
Moreover, the brain also uses energy to produce and regulate neurotransmitters, the chemicals that transmit signals across synapses. The synthesis, release, and recycling of neurotransmitters are metabolically costly processes, essential for effective neural communication and overall brain function.
It is also noteworthy that the brain's energy requirement remains relatively constant, even during sleep, reflecting the continuous and demanding nature of its functions. This continuous energy consumption is supported by glucose, the primary energy source for the brain, which underscores the importance of a steady supply of glucose which is facilitated by the blood-brain barrier.
In summary, although the brain is small in terms of physical size, its energy demands are immense due to the high costs of maintaining resting membrane potential, generating action potentials, synaptic transmission, and other metabolic activities. This explains why the brain uses up to 20% of the energy we obtain from our diet, despite constituting only 2% of our body mass. This disproportionate energy usage highlights the brain's role as a highly active and essential organ in the human body.
질문 # 62
A caliper is used to measure which of the following?
정답：C
설명：
A caliper is a versatile tool used in various measurements, but one of its specific applications is in measuring skinfold thickness. This measurement technique is particularly important in the fields of health and fitness, where it is used to estimate an individual's body fat percentage.
Skinfold thickness refers to the measurement of the layer of fat just under the skin, known as subcutaneous fat. By measuring the thickness of this layer at specific locations on the body, health professionals can estimate the total body fat of a person. These measurements are taken at standardized points on the body, which can include areas like the abdomen, triceps, back, and thigh.
The process involves pinching the skin and fat away from the underlying muscle and bone and using the caliper to measure the thickness of the pinched fold. Calipers are designed to apply a standardized pressure to the skinfold, which ensures that the measurements are consistent and reliable. The values obtained from these measurements are then used in equations or reference tables to estimate body fat percentage.
This method of estimating body fat is popular due to its cost-effectiveness and relative ease of use compared to other methods like hydrostatic weighing or DEXA scans. However, the accuracy of skinfold measurements can depend on the skill of the person conducting the assessment and the quality of the caliper used.
In summary, while calipers can be used for various measurements, including dimensions of objects in engineering and manufacturing, in the context of health and fitness, they are specifically utilized to measure skinfold thickness. This measurement helps in estimating the body fat percentage, which is a crucial component in assessing an individual's health and fitness status.
질문 # 63
Which of the following is NOT a mediator cell that releases substances that mediate immune reactions?
정답：B
설명：
*The question asks which of the listed options is NOT a mediator cell that releases substances involved in immune reactions. The correct answer is "barrier epithelial cell." To understand why this is the correct choice, it is essential to clarify the roles of the different options provided and their involvement in immune responses. *
*Mast cells, basophils, and platelets are all types of cells that play active roles in the body's immune response, primarily through the mediation of inflammation and allergic reactions. Mast cells and basophils are similar in that they both contain granules filled with histamine and other chemicals that are released during allergic and inflammatory reactions, leading to increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction. These cells are typically involved in what is considered immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Platelets, while primarily known for their role in blood clotting, also secrete inflammatory mediators that can influence the immune system and vascular responses. *
*In contrast, barrier epithelial cells, which include those that line the skin and mucous membranes, do not primarily function as mediators releasing substances that drive immune reactions. Instead, their primary role is to act as a physical barrier that protects internal tissues from external pathogens, chemicals, and physical insults. While epithelial cells can contribute to immune responses indirectly (for example, by secreting antimicrobial peptides and signaling molecules that alert immune cells to the presence of a pathogen), they are not typically involved in the active mediation of immune reactions through the release of substances like histamine or other pro-inflammatory mediators. *
*Therefore, when comparing the roles of mast cells, basophils, platelets, and barrier epithelial cells, the correct answer to the question is "barrier epithelial cell." This choice is the only one among those listed that does not fit the description of a mediator cell actively participating in the release of substances that mediate immune reactions. Instead, barrier epithelial cells serve more as a physical and chemical line of defense, maintaining the integrity of the body's barriers and providing signals that help coordinate the broader immune response.
질문 # 64
A person with a BMI of 26.0 falls into which of the following categories?
정답：C
설명：
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple calculation used to assess whether a person has a healthy body weight for a person of their height. It is obtained by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters (kg/m