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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Risk Analysis | - Risk and vulnerability analysis techniques - Cybersecurity risk assessment concepts - Risk management fundamentals |
| Topic 2: Creating A Security Program | - Defining information security policy - Security management organization - Developing a long-term security program |
| Topic 3: Addressing Risk with Implementation Measures | - Defense-in-depth strategy - Industrial network architecture and segmentation - Access control principles - Zones and conduits model |
| Topic 4: Addressing Risk with Selected Security Counter Measures | - Patch management - Anti-virus and endpoint protection - Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) - Firewalls and network security devices |
| Topic 5: Monitoring and Improving the CSMS | - Security lifecycle management - Incident detection and response - Continuous monitoring of IACS cybersecurity |
| Topic 6: Validating or Verifying the Security of Systems | - Auditing and compliance - Security validation and verification techniques - Continuous improvement of security measures |
| Topic 7: Understanding the Current Industrial Security Environment | - Security challenges in OT environments - Convergence of IT and OT - Current state of industrial control systems security |
| Topic 8: Addressing Risk with Security Policy, Organization, and Awareness | - Security awareness and training - Security policies and procedures - Organizational security roles and responsibilities |
| Topic 9: How Cyberattacks Happen | - Case studies of industrial cyber incidents - Vulnerabilities in industrial systems - Cyber threats and attack vectors |
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質問 # 23
A company manufactures embedded devices and network components used in control systems but does not participate in on-site installation or maintenance. What role do they fulfill?
正解：B
解説：
ISA/IEC 62443 clearly distinguishes roles to assign cybersecurity responsibilities across the IACS lifecycle.
A company that designs and manufactures embedded devices and network components-such as PLCs, RTUs, switches, or control software-but does not install or operate them is classified as a Product Supplier.
Step 1: Definition of a Product Supplier
Within ISA/IEC 62443 (notably Parts 4-1 and 4-2), a product supplier is the entity responsible for developing and delivering IACS products. Their responsibilities include secure product development, vulnerability handling, patch creation, and providing security-related product documentation.
Step 2: Exclusion of operational roles
Because the company does not perform on-site installation, commissioning, operation, or maintenance, it does not qualify as an integration or maintenance service provider. It also does not own or operate the system, so it is not an asset owner.
Step 3: Security responsibility alignment
ISA/IEC 62443-4-1 assigns product suppliers responsibility for secure development lifecycle practices, while
4-2 defines the technical security capabilities the products must support.
Therefore, the correct role is Product supplier.
質問 # 24
Which is a reason for
and physical security regulations meeting a mixed resistance?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：D
解説：
Cybersecurity and physical security regulations are intended to provide guidance and requirements for protecting industrial control systems from various threats and risks. However, these regulations may face mixed resistance from different stakeholders for various reasons. One of the reasons is that there are a limited number of enforced cybersecurity and physical security regulations, especially at the international level. This means that some regions or countries may have more stringent or comprehensiveregulations than others, creating inconsistencies and challenges for cross-border cooperation and compliance. Moreover, some regulations may be outdated or not aligned with the current best practices and standards, such as ISA/IEC
62443, which may limit their effectiveness and applicability. Therefore, some organizations may prefer to follow voluntary standards or frameworks, such as ISA/IEC 62443, rather than mandatory regulations, as they may offer more flexibility and adaptability to the specific needs and contexts of each industrial control system. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, page 3
* Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standard to Secure Your Control System, page 9
質問 # 25
To which category of the ISA-62443 (IEC 62443) series does the document titled "Patch management in the IACS environment" belong?
正解：B
解説：
The ISA/IEC 62443 series organizes documents into categories: General, Policies and Procedures, System, and Component. The document titled "Patch management in the IACS environment" is part of the Policies and Procedures group (specifically, ISA/IEC 62443-2-3). This group addresses processes, procedures, and organizational measures for cybersecurity in industrial automation and control systems (IACS), including topics like patch management, which deals with evaluating, testing, and installing updates or patches to reduce vulnerabilities in control systems.
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-2-3:2015, Introduction and Scope; ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2007, Section 4.1.2.
質問 # 26
Why is patch management more difficult for IACS than for business systems?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：A
解説：
Patch management is the process of applying software updates to fix security vulnerabilities, improve functionality, or enhance performance. Patch management is an essential part of cybersecurity, as unpatched systems can be exploited by malicious actors. However, patch management for industrial automation and control systems (IACS) is more challenging than for business systems, because patching a live automation system can create safety risks. According to the ISA/IEC 62443 standards, patching an IACS may have the following potential impacts1:
* Patching may introduce new vulnerabilities or errors that compromise the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of the IACS.
* Patching may affect the functionality or performance of the IACS, causing unexpected or undesired behavior, such as process shutdowns, slowdowns, or failures.
* Patching may require downtime or reduced operation of the IACS, which may affect production, quality, or profitability.
* Patching may require additional resources, such as personnel, equipment, or testing facilities, which may not be readily available or affordable.
Therefore, patch management for IACS requires careful planning, testing, and validation before applying patches to the operational environment. The ISA/IEC 62443 standards provide guidance and best practices for patch management in the IACS environment, such as1:
* Establishing a patch management program that defines roles, responsibilities, policies, and procedures
* for patching IACS components and systems.
* Identifying and prioritizing the IACS assets that need patching, based on their criticality, vulnerability, and risk level.
* Evaluating and verifying the patches for compatibility, functionality, and security before applying them to the IACS.
* Implementing and documenting the patching process, including backup, recovery, and rollback procedures, in case of patch failure or adverse effects.
* Monitoring and auditing the patching activities and outcomes, and reporting any issues or incidents.
References: 1: ISA TR62443-2-3 - Security for industrial automation and control systems, Part 2-3: Patch management in the IACS environment
質問 # 27
What does ISASecure primarily focus on?
正解：A
解説：
ISASecure is a conformity assessment scheme developed under the ISA Security Compliance Institute (ISCI), an affiliate of ISA. Its primary focus is the certification of IACS (Industrial Automation and Control System) products, systems, and supplier processes for cybersecurity. The program's aim is to facilitate and ensure the cybersecurity of automation and control systems by certifying that products and systems meet the requirements set forth in the ISA/IEC 62443 standards. ISASecure offers certifications such as ISASecure EDSA (Embedded Device Security Assurance), SSA (System Security Assurance), and CSA (Component Security Assurance), all of which are tightly mapped to the 62443 series requirements.
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-4-2:2019, Section 1; ISASecure Certification Program Description, 2024.
質問 # 28
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