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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Center Switching Technologies | - Ethernet Switching in Data Centers
|
| Topic 2: Network Security and Reliability | - Data Center Security Mechanisms
|
| Topic 3: SDN and Network Automation | - Software Defined Networking
|
| Topic 4: Data Center Routing | - Routing Protocols in DC Environment
|
| Topic 5: Data Center Network Fundamentals | - Data Center Architecture Overview
|
| Topic 6: VXLAN Technology | - Overlay Networking
|
| Topic 7: O&M and Troubleshooting | - Operations and Maintenance
|
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NEW QUESTION # 45
An enterprise builds a DC and deploys iMaster NCE-Fabric to automatically deliver network configurations. After the engineer manually deploys the underlay network and delivers overlay network configurations through iMaster NCE-Fabric, it is found that tenant hosts cannot access external networks. Which of the following is not a possible cause of this fault?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, iMaster NCE-Fabric automates overlay network (e.g., VXLAN) configuration, while the underlay network is manually deployed. Tenant hosts failing to access external networks indicate a connectivity issue, likely at the overlay-underlay boundary or security layer. Let's evaluate each option as a possible cause:
A . No return route is configured on the PE: This is a possible cause. The Provider Edge (PE) device (e.g., border leaf or router) must have a return route to the tenant's VXLAN network for external access. Without it, traffic from external networks cannot reach the DC. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
B . The engineer did not check whether the service loopback interface needs to be configured on the VXLAN network based on the switch model: This is a possible cause. Some Huawei switch models (e.g., CE series) require a service loopback interface as the VTEP source IP. If omitted or misconfigured based on the model, external connectivity fails. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
C . No firewall security policy is configured when host traffic passes through the firewall: This is a possible cause. If a firewall is in the path (e.g., between tenant VPC and external network), a missing security policy (e.g., allowing outbound traffic) blocks access. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
D . The MAC address of the NVE interface on the VXLAN network is not manually specified: This is not a possible cause. The Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) interface in VXLAN does not require a manually specified MAC address; it uses the switch's system MAC or auto-generates one. iMaster NCE-Fabric typically handles this automatically, and manual specification is neither required nor a common fault point for external access issues. NOT A POSSIBLE CAUSE.
Thus, D is not a possible cause of the fault.
NEW QUESTION # 46
In an M-LAG, two CE series switches send M-LAG synchronization packets through the peer-link to synchronize information with each other in real time. Which of the following entries need to be included in the M-LAG synchronization packets to ensure that traffic forwarding is not affected if either device fails? (Select All that Apply)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (M-LAG) is a high-availability technology on Huawei CloudEngine (CE) series switches, where two switches appear as a single logical device to downstream devices. The peer-link between the M-LAG peers synchronizes critical information to ensure seamless failover if one device fails. Let's evaluate the entries:
A . MAC Address Entries: MAC address tables map device MACs to ports. In M-LAG, synchronizing MAC entries ensures that both switches know the location of connected devices. If one switch fails, the surviving switch can forward Layer 2 traffic without relearning MAC addresses, preventing disruptions. Required.
B . Routing Entries: Routing entries (e.g., OSPF or BGP routes) are maintained at Layer 3 and typically synchronized via routing protocols, not M-LAG peer-link packets. M-LAG operates at Layer 2, and while Layer 3 can be overlaid (e.g., with VXLAN), routing table synchronization is not a standard M-LAG requirement. Not Required.
C . IGMP Entries: IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) entries track multicast group memberships. While useful for multicast traffic, they are not critical for basic unicast traffic forwarding in M-LAG failover scenarios. Huawei documentation indicates IGMP synchronization is optional and context-specific, not mandatory for general traffic continuity. Not Required.
D . ARP Entries: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) entries map IP addresses to MAC addresses, crucial for Layer 2/Layer 3 communication. Synchronizing ARP entries ensures the surviving switch can resolve IP-to-MAC mappings post-failover, avoiding ARP flooding or traffic loss. Required.
Thus, A (MAC address entries) and D (ARP entries) are essential for M-LAG synchronization to maintain traffic forwarding during failover, per Huawei CE switch M-LAG design.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which traffic category normally benefits the most from a spine-leaf architecture with ECMP and distributed gateways?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Modern data centers generate substantial east-west traffic between application servers. Spine- leaf designs with ECMP and distributed gateways minimize latency and maximize bandwidth for these server-to-server communication patterns.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following technologies are Layer 4 load balancing technologies? (Select All that Apply)
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
Layer 4 load balancing operates at the transport layer (OSI Layer 4), using TCP/UDP protocols to distribute traffic based on information like IP addresses and port numbers, without inspecting the application-layer content (Layer 7). Let's evaluate each option:
A). Nginx: Nginx is a versatile web server and reverse proxy that supports both Layer 4 and Layer
7 load balancing. In its Layer 4 mode (e.g., with the stream module), it balances TCP/UDP traffic, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. This is widely used in Huawei's CloudFabric DCN solutions for traffic distribution. TRUE.
B). PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): PPP is a Layer 2 protocol used for establishing direct connections between two nodes, typically in WAN scenarios (e.g., dial-up or VPNs). It does not perform load balancing at Layer 4 or any layer, as it's a point-to-point encapsulation protocol.
FALSE.
C). LVS (Linux Virtual Server): LVS is a high-performance, open-source load balancing solution integrated into the Linux kernel. It operates at Layer 4, using techniques like NAT, IP tunneling, or direct routing to distribute TCP/UDP traffic across backend servers. It's a core Layer 4 technology in enterprise DCNs. TRUE.
D). HAProxy: HAProxy is a high-availability load balancer that supports both Layer 4 (TCP mode) and Layer 7 (HTTP mode). In TCP mode, it balances traffic based on Layer 4 attributes, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. It's commonly deployed in Huawei DCN environments.
TRUE.
Thus, A (Nginx), C (LVS), and D (HAProxy) are Layer 4 load balancing technologies. PPP is not.
NEW QUESTION # 49
After an M-LAG works properly, the two member devices synchronize information with each other in real time. Which of the following pieces of information are synchronized between devices?
(Select All that Apply)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
In Huawei's M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation) on CE series switches, the two member devices synchronize critical information over the peer-link to ensure seamless operation and failover. Let's evaluate each option:
A). ACL information: Access Control List (ACL) configurations are typically not synchronized in M- LAG, as they are device-specific security policies. Synchronization of ACLs is not a standard feature in Huawei's M-LAG implementation. NOT SYNCHRONIZED.
B). STP status: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) status (e.g., port roles, states) is synchronized to maintain a consistent loop-free topology across M-LAG peers, especially when V-STP or other STP variants are used. SYNCHRONIZED.
C). Device name: Device names are administrative identifiers and are not synchronized, as they do not impact traffic forwarding or M-LAG functionality. NOT SYNCHRONIZED.
D). LACP information: Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) status (e.g., link states, aggregation details) is synchronized to ensure both M-LAG devices present a unified LAG to downstream devices, supporting load balancing and failover. SYNCHRONIZED.
Thus, B (STP status) and D (LACP information) are synchronized between M-LAG devices.
NEW QUESTION # 50
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