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質問 # 129
Which project management life cycle stage involves the development of project deliverables?
正解：B
解説：
Execution is the project management life cycle stage where project deliverables are developed and the planned work is carried out. In Information Technology projects, this is the phase in which teams build, configure, code, test, and implement the products, services, or systems defined in the project plan. Resources are assigned to tasks, progress is tracked, and project managers coordinate people, time, and tools to ensure work aligns with requirements and scope. Planning defines how the work will be done, including schedules, budgets, milestones, and risk responses, but it does not produce the final deliverables. Initiation establishes goals, scope boundaries, and approval to begin. Closure occurs after deliverables are completed and accepted and includes documentation, sign-off, handover, and lessons learned. Because the question asks which stage involves developing deliverables, it refers to the phase where actual production happens. Therefore, the correct answer is execution.
質問 # 130
Based on an analysis of a company's needs, a database should be installed so that data resides on different machines, often in entirely different locations. What is the name of the database that satisfies this need?
正解：A
解説：
A distributed database is a database in which data is stored across multiple computers or servers rather than in a single central location. These machines may be in the same building, across a campus, or in different geographic regions. In Information Technology and database design, distributed databases are used to improve availability, fault tolerance, scalability, and performance by placing data closer to users and by reducing reliance on one server. The distributed database management system coordinates storage, replication, and query processing so that users can access data as if it were a single database, even though it is physically spread out. This model supports business continuity because if one site fails, another site can continue serving requests depending on the replication strategy. Relational and NoSQL describe data models and query approaches, while cloud describes a deployment environment that can host many types of databases, including distributed ones. Because the defining requirement here is data stored on different machines and locations, the correct answer is a distributed database.
質問 # 131
What is the term used to describe additional requirements that are added after project initiation?
正解：D
解説：
In project management, scope creep refers to the uncontrolled expansion of a project's scope beyond its original boundaries. Here's a breakdown:
1.Project Initiation:
oProject initiation is the first step in starting a new project.
oDuring this phase, you establish why you're doing the project and what business value it will deliver.
oThe goal is to secure buy-in from key stakeholders based on the project's initial definition.
2.Scope Creep:
oOnce a project is underway, additional requirements or changes may arise.
oThese unplanned additions can lead to scope creep.
oExamples include:
New features requested by stakeholders.
Enhancements beyond the original scope.
Unforeseen requirements emerging during execution.
3.Impact of Scope Creep:
oScope creep can:
Delay the project timeline.
Increase costs due to additional work.
Affect quality if rushed changes are made.
Create frustration among team members.
4.Managing Scope Creep:
oTo prevent scope creep:
Define clear project boundaries during initiation.
Document requirements thoroughly.
Regularly review and assess any proposed changes.
Communicate with stakeholders about trade-offs.
References:
*1monday.com Blog: The Full Project Management Glossary
*2Project Management Institute: Mastering Project Requirements
質問 # 132
What is the name of the wireless technology that specifically accommodates distances up to 300 feet?
正解：C
解説：
Bluetooth is the wireless technology commonly identified in IT fundamentals as supporting short-range communication up to around 300 feet in higher-power implementations. Bluetooth is designed for personal area networking, connecting devices such as headphones, keyboards, speakers, and smartphones with low power consumption and easy pairing. Different Bluetooth classes exist: some provide only a few meters of range, while higher-power versions can extend to roughly 100 meters, which is close to 300 feet, under good conditions. Wi-Fi typically supports larger local-area coverage and is used to connect devices to local networks and the internet. A wide area network is not a wireless technology standard; it is a type of network spanning large geographic areas. Near field communication is designed for extremely short distances, usually a few centimeters, and is used for contactless payments and quick device taps. Since the question asks for a wireless technology specifically accommodating distances up to 300 feet, Bluetooth best matches that description.
質問 # 133
Which project management life cycle stage starts with setting project goals using either the SMART or the CLEAR framework?
正解：B
解説：
Initiation is the project management life cycle stage that begins with establishing the project's purpose and setting clear goals, often using frameworks such as SMART or CLEAR. In Information Technology project management, initiation defines what the project is trying to achieve, why it matters, and whether it is feasible.
This stage commonly includes creating a project charter, identifying stakeholders, defining high-level scope, and securing authorization to proceed. SMART goals emphasize specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound objectives, while CLEAR goals emphasize collaborative, limited, emotional, appreciable, and refinable objectives. Both frameworks help ensure the project begins with clear direction and measurable outcomes. Planning comes after initiation and focuses on detailed schedules, budgets, task breakdowns, risk plans, and resource assignments. Execution is where deliverables are built and work is performed. Closure finalizes acceptance and documents lessons learned. Because goal-setting and formal authorization are core features of the beginning phase, the correct stage is initiation.
質問 # 134
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