When you take AAVSB VTNE practice exams again and again you get familiar with the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE) real test pressure and learn to handle it for better outcomes. Features of the web-based and desktop VTNE Practice Exams are similar. The only difference is that the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE) web-based version works online.
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
| Topic 2: Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Topic 3: Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Topic 4: Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
| Topic 5: Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Topic 6: Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Topic 7: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Topic 8: Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
| Topic 9: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
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NEW QUESTION # 120
When monitoring veterinary patients under anesthesia, one of the most useful pieces of equipment is the electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following is not a benefit of this machine?
Answer: D
Explanation:
When monitoring a patient under anesthesia, using an ECG machine remains a valuable tool.
Hyperoxia occurs when cells are exposed to an overabundance of oxygen or, alternatively, a greater than the normal partial pressure of oxygen. This rare occurrence in veterinary medicine is not generally identified on an ECG. However, ECGs can help:
*Provide cardiac rate and rhythm real-time assessment
*Screen patients for underlying electrolyte abnormalities (think about that blocked cat with potentially elevated potassium. Look for that spiked T wave).
*Alert you to any impending changes in electrical patterns
*Demonstrate hypoxemia
However, always remember to monitor not just the machines, but your patients as well. An ECG can still demonstrate electrical activity even if the heart has stopped beating, so it isn't the end-all be-all. You still need a multi-modal approach to patient monitoring.
The limitations of ECGs further solidify the need to monitor not just your machines but patient parameters, both visual, auscultable, and more. Limitations include:
*Artifacts
*Cautery devices
*Heating devices
*Patient movement
*The leads simply being too dry
*Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) where the patient is in cardiac arrest may only manifest as a slight ECG abnormality, falsely giving you confidence that the patient is still doing well.
NEW QUESTION # 121
A new canine osteoarthritis medication, Librela (bedinvetmab), works on what part of the pain modulation pathway?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Librela is a monthly injectable anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) monoclonal antibody (mAB) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. It is similar to the Solensia drug that has been out a bit longer in the U.S. for cats. Benefits include only 1x monthly administration, rather than daily, and minimal to no effects on the liver/kidneys.
NGF plays a key role in pain in animals with OA. This drug helps decrease NGF levels by binding to it, which reduces pain from OA, helps to limit further NGF release, and lessens the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. This results in lowering the neurogenic inflammation component.
COX1 and COX2 drugs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), including carprofen, meloxicam, and deracoxib. They work on the inflammation portion of the pain pathway, but COX1 drugs are less selective and have more side effects than COX2 drugs.
The NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors are part of the pain pathway, most notably understood in cases of central sensitization. Patients with chronic pain, over-activation of C-fibers, and continuous NMDA activation can lead to wind-up. Medications like amantadine (oral) or ketamine (injectable, in hospital) may help address wind-up concerns. However, this pathway isn't a commonly addressed path in the mainstay therapy of OA treatment in dogs.
Mu receptors provide pain relief and are addressed by opioids, either as pure agonists (completely blocking the receptor), or as partial agonists +/- antagonists. This would include drugs like fentanyl and hydromorphone. However, while these drugs may be beneficial in acute pain conditions, they do not address inflammation, nor are they usually beneficial in the long-term management of OA. They may be used in the end stages of the disease as a part of multi-modal pain management. Still, due to the potential abuse on the human side, veterinarians tend not to prescribe this type of medication orally very often. It is most commonly used in the hospital.
NEW QUESTION # 122
Radiographic contrast media are used to improve visualization of specific anatomical structures on radiographs. Which of the following choices is used as a negative contrast agent?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A negative contrast agent appears radiolucent (dark) on radiographs, while positive agents are radiopaque (white). Gases, such as air, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide, all appear dark. Commonly applied sites include the stomach and urinary bladder.
Barium sulfate and iohexol both appear white on radiographs. There are numerous uses across organ systems.
Gadolinium is a contrast agent used for magnetic resonance imaging, not radiography.
NEW QUESTION # 123
What do neonatal pigs require during the first few weeks of their lives due to their lack of fat stores?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Neonatal pigs require supplemental heat during the first few weeks of their lives due to their lack of fat stores.
The temperature of the supplemental heat should be between 92 - 95 degrees Fahrenheit (33.3 - 35 degrees Celsius) for seven days, 89 - 92 degrees Fahrenheit (31.6 - 33.3 degrees Celsius) for the next seven days, and 86 - 89 degrees Fahrenheit (30 - 31.6 degrees Celsius) for the last seven days. But it is also important to monitor the sow to ensure she doesn't become overheated.
Neonatal pigs do not routinely require dextrose injections or milk replacer. They require iron dextran injections when they are three days old if raised in confinement.
NEW QUESTION # 124
Which of the following adjunctive therapies would have the least benefit in treating pain in a Dachshund with thoracolumbar IVDD and paraplegia that is currently receiving opioids and anti-inflammatory medications?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Anticonvulsant medications, such as gabapentin, are often used in conjunction with other analgesics for improved pain management. They block the flow of pain signals through the central nervous system. Muscle relaxers and tranquilizers can help treat fear, anxiety, and stress associated with painful stimuli.
Antihistamines are not commonly used in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 996.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 506-513.
NEW QUESTION # 125
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