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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| AI Governance and Strategy | - AI governance frameworks and organizational oversight
|
| Ethics, Privacy, and Responsible AI | - Ethical AI principles and compliance
|
| Regulatory and Compliance Requirements | - Global AI regulatory landscape
|
| AI Lifecycle Controls | - Controls across AI development lifecycle
|
| AI Risk Management | - Risk identification and assessment for AI systems
|
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NEW QUESTION # 135
Which of the following is MOST likely to be found in a risk mitigation plan for AI systems?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Within the ISACA Advanced in AI Risk framework, program management connects risk identification, control selection, treatment, monitoring, resilience, third-party oversight, and reporting to enterprise risk objectives. A risk mitigation plan should contain concrete measures that reduce identified AI risks, such as controls for data poisoning and algorithmic bias. Strategic objectives and vendor-selection criteria are governance inputs, not the actual treatment measures for the identified risk. This makes option C, Measures to address issues such as data poisoning and algorithmic bias, the strongest answer. The other choices describe narrower technical, operational, performance, or administrative considerations and do not address the primary risk-management objective in the scenario as directly. A risk practitioner should select the response that most effectively reduces the stated exposure while preserving appropriate oversight, traceability, and alignment with organizational risk tolerance and business requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 136
An organization integrates multiple AI services using APIs to enhance a customer support chatbot. Which of the following is the GREATEST risk?
Answer: B
Explanation:
API integration with external AI services creates data transmission pathways between the organization and external systems. Customer support contexts involve sensitive personal data-account information, contact details, inquiry content-that may be transmitted through these API connections.
Why B is Correct: The ISACA AAIR security and privacy guidance identifies unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data through insecure API connections as the greatest risk in multi-service AI integration. APIs can be vulnerable to interception, inadequate authentication, or misconfiguration. In a customer support context, exposure of personal data via API vulnerabilities creates privacy violations, regulatory liability, and reputational harm-all more severe than the other listed concerns.
Why A is Wrong: Bias and inaccuracy in chatbot responses are real quality risks but represent service quality issues rather than security or privacy breaches. Inaccurate responses are visible and correctable; data breaches may go undetected.
Why C is Wrong: Customer dissatisfaction from operational delays is a service quality and business risk. It is a manageable consequence of performance issues rather than the greatest risk from API-based AI integration.
Why D is Wrong: Insufficient training datasets affect model quality but are a development concern addressed during the model selection phase. They do not represent the primary operational risk of deploying multi- service API integrations in production.
NEW QUESTION # 137
Which of the following BEST helps to ensure adherence to data minimization principles when using an AI model whose training dataset contains personal information?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Data minimization is a privacy principle requiring that personal data be processed only to the extent necessary for the specified purpose. When training AI models, this means reducing the identifiability of personal data while preserving its statistical utility for model training.
Why D is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR data privacy guidance, pseudonymization directly supports data minimization by replacing identifying attributes with artificial identifiers, allowing the model to train on statistically representative data without processing full personal identifiers. This satisfies minimization requirements under frameworks like GDPR while maintaining training data utility-the specific challenge of AI model development with personal data.
Why A is Wrong: Data Loss Prevention prevents unauthorized transmission of data but does not reduce the amount of personal information contained in training datasets. DLP addresses data exfiltration risk, not data minimization compliance.
Why B is Wrong: Role-based access control restricts who can access the training data but does not reduce the volume or identifiability of personal information in the dataset. RBAC addresses access risk, not data minimization.
Why C is Wrong: Data encryption protects data confidentiality in storage and transit but does not remove or obfuscate personal identifiers from training data. Encrypted personal data is still personal data under privacy law.
NEW QUESTION # 138
Which of the following poses the GREATEST challenge related to the protection of intellectual property generated by AI solutions?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Traditional intellectual property law was designed for human-created works. AI-generated content sits in a legal grey zone because current copyright frameworks in most jurisdictions do not clearly establish who-if anyone-holds copyright in outputs created autonomously by AI systems.
Why C is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR, the lack of regulatory clarity around AI-generated content copyright is the greatest IP challenge because it creates fundamental uncertainty about ownership, transferability, and enforceability of rights in AI outputs. Without clear legal status, organizations cannot confidently assert ownership, license AI-generated materials, or prevent competitors from copying outputs.
This uncertainty pervades commercial agreements, licensing strategies, and competitive protection.
Why A is Wrong: Zero-data retention policies actually protect intellectual property by ensuring vendor systems do not retain proprietary input data. This represents a protective measure, not a challenge.
Why B is Wrong: Training material customization for confidential data handling is a workforce education challenge. While important for data protection, it does not represent the primary IP challenge from AI- generated content.
Why D is Wrong: Low-risk use cases like administrative tasks present minimal IP concerns because the outputs are typically not commercially significant or protectable. The IP challenge is greatest for creative, analytical, and proprietary outputs.
NEW QUESTION # 139
Which risk treatment is MOST appropriate when an organization's AI system presents residual risk within tolerance and impacts non-critical functions?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Risk treatment decisions are driven by two factors: whether the residual risk falls within or outside tolerance, and the criticality of the affected function. When both conditions-risk within tolerance AND non-critical function impact-are met, formal risk acceptance is the appropriate and proportionate treatment.
Why A is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR risk treatment guidance, documented formal risk acceptance is the appropriate response when residual risk is within defined tolerance for non-critical functions. Risk acceptance acknowledges the identified exposure, documents the organization's conscious decision to accept it, and establishes accountability for that decision. This proportionate response avoids over-investing in controls for risk that the organization has determined is acceptable.
Why B is Wrong: Recommending increases to tolerance thresholds is a governance manipulation rather than a risk treatment. Adjusting thresholds upward to accommodate risk does not address the risk; it merely reclassifies it as acceptable. This approach undermines risk governance integrity.
Why C is Wrong: Enhancing monitoring to detect deviations represents additional control investment that may be disproportionate for risk that is already within tolerance affecting non-critical functions. Enhanced monitoring is more appropriate when risk is near the tolerance boundary or when trends indicate potential future breach.
Why D is Wrong: Periodic vulnerability scanning is a security assurance activity that identifies technical weaknesses. It represents an ongoing control measure rather than the appropriate risk treatment decision for a residual risk that is already within tolerance.
NEW QUESTION # 140
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