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| Certification Vendor: | CertiProf |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Ethical Hacking Professional Certification Exam |
| Exam Number: | CEHPC |
| Exam Duration: | 60 minutes |
| Related Certifications: | Cybersecurity Foundation Professional Certification |
| Available Languages: | Spanish, English |
| Exam Format: | Multiple Choice |
| Exam Price: | USD $250.00 |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Real Exam Qty: | 40 |
| Passing Score: | 80% (32/40) |
| Recommended Training: | CertiProf Official Training Resources |
| Exam Registration: | CertiProf Official Registration |
| Sample Questions: | CertiProf CEHPC Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online proctored exam |
| Pre Condition: | No mandatory prerequisites; recommended for IT professionals, cybersecurity analysts, system administrators and security consultants |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://certiprof.com/products/ethical-hacking-professional-certification-cehpc |
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NEW QUESTION # 34
What is an XSS?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a critical security vulnerability prevalent in web applications. It occurs when an application includes untrusted data in a web page without proper validation or escaping, allowing an attacker to inject and execute malicious scripts-typically JavaScript-in the victim's web browser. Because the browser trusts the script as if it originated from the legitimate website, the script can access sensitive information stored in the browser, such as session cookies, tokens, or personal data.
There are three primary types of XSS:
* Stored (Persistent) XSS: The malicious script is permanently stored on the target server (e.g., in a database, in a comment field). When a victim views the page, the script executes.
* Reflected XSS: The script is "reflected" off a web application to the victim's browser, usually through a link containing the payload (e.g., in a URL parameter).
* DOM-based XSS: The vulnerability exists in the client-side code rather than the server-side code, where the script is executed by modifying the Document Object Model (DOM) environment.
Managing the threat of XSS involves implementing strict input validation and output encoding. Developers must ensure that any data provided by users is treated as "untrusted" and filtered to remove executable code before it is rendered on a page. From an ethical hacking perspective, identifying XSS is a key part of web application penetration testing. A successful XSS attack can lead to account hijacking, website defacement, or the redirection of users to malicious websites. By understanding how malicious scripts are executed in the context of other users' browsers, security professionals can better protect the integrity of web services and the privacy of their users.
NEW QUESTION # 35
What is a black hat hacker?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A "Black Hat" hacker is the primary threat actor in the cybersecurity landscape, representing the criminal element of the hacking community. These individuals use their advanced computer skills and technical knowledge with malicious intent to breach security defenses. Their goals typically involve stealing confidential information, infecting computer systems with malware, or restricting access to a system (as seen in DDoS or ransomware attacks) for personal gain, financial profit, or ideological reasons.
Black Hat hackers operate without authorization and often hide their tracks through anonymization tools like VPNs, Tor, and proxy chains. Their methodology involves finding and exploiting vulnerabilities-often
"Zero-Day" flaws that the vendor is not yet aware of-to gain a foothold in a target network. Once inside, they may engage in corporate espionage, sell stolen data on the dark web, or hold an organization's operations hostage.
For a security professional, managing the threat of Black Hat hackers is a continuous cycle of "Threat Hunting" and "Risk Mitigation." Ethical hackers must study the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by Black Hats to build more resilient defenses. While Black Hats are the "adversaries," they also drive the evolution of security technology; as they find new ways to break into systems, the industry must develop new encryption, authentication, and monitoring tools to stop them. Understanding the mindset of a Black Hat-how they prioritize targets and which vulnerabilities they find most attractive-is a key component of the CEH curriculum. It allows defenders to think like their opponents, ensuring that security controls are placed where they are most needed to protect an organization's most valuable confidential assets.
NEW QUESTION # 36
What is a reverse shell?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A reverse shell is a technique used in ethical hacking and penetration testing where the target (victim) system initiates a connection back to the attacker's system, allowing the attacker to execute commands remotely. This makes option C the correct answer.
Unlike a bind shell, where the victim opens a listening port, a reverse shell is particularly effective in environments protected by firewalls or Network Address Translation (NAT). Since outbound connections are often allowed, the victim system connects outward to the attacker, bypassing many network restrictions.
Ethical hackers commonly use reverse shells during the exploitation and post-exploitation phases of penetration testing to maintain access to compromised systems.
Option A is incorrect because running a terminal as root does not define a reverse shell. Option B is incorrect because a reverse shell is not a standard command-line interface but rather a remote command execution channel.
From an ethical hacking perspective, reverse shells help demonstrate the real-world impact of vulnerabilities such as command injection, remote code execution, or misconfigured services. Once established, a reverse shell may allow privilege escalation, lateral movement, or data exfiltration-highlighting serious security risks.
Understanding reverse shells is essential for both attackers and defenders. Defenders can mitigate reverse shell attacks by implementing strict egress filtering, intrusion detection systems, endpoint protection, and proper system hardening. Ethical testing of reverse shells enables organizations to identify weaknesses and improve overall security posture.
NEW QUESTION # 37
What is the results report document?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The results report document is acritical deliverablein the penetration testing process, making option B the correct answer. This document summarizes the findings of the engagement, including discovered vulnerabilities, exposed sensitive information, attack paths, and the potential impact on the organization.
A professional penetration testing report typically includes an executive summary, methodology, scope, risk ratings, technical details, evidence, and remediation recommendations. The goal is not just to list vulnerabilities but to help stakeholders understandrisk severity and business impact.
Option A is incorrect because incomplete work is usually addressed separately in project management documentation. Option C is incorrect because agreements and authorization documents are handled before testing begins, not in the results report.
From an ethical hacking standpoint, the results report supports transparency, accountability, and improvement. Ethical hackers must ensure findings are accurate, reproducible, and clearly explained. Poor reporting can reduce the value of an otherwise successful test.
The report also serves as a roadmap for remediation, allowing organizations to prioritize fixes, improve controls, and reduce future attack surfaces. High-quality reporting is a defining characteristic of professional ethical hacking.
NEW QUESTION # 38
What is a firewall?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A firewall is a cornerstone master information security control that serves as a protective barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet. Its primary function is to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a predetermined set of security rules. By analyzing packet headers-specifically IP addresses, port numbers, and protocols-the firewall determines whether to "allow," "block," or "drop" a connection attempt.
Firewalls can be implemented as hardware appliances, software installed on a host, or a combination of both.
They generally fall into several categories:
* Packet Filtering Firewalls: These examine individual packets in isolation and are the most basic form of protection.
* Stateful Inspection Firewalls: These track the state of active connections, ensuring that incoming traffic is only allowed if it is a response to a legitimate outgoing request.
* Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFW): These go beyond simple port/IP filtering by performing "Deep Packet Inspection" (DPI) to identify specific applications and even filter out malware or malicious commands within the traffic.
In the pentesting process, the firewall is the first major obstacle a tester encounters. It defines the "perimeter" of the organization. An ethical hacker will use port scanning to identify which "holes" exist in the firewall's ruleset. For defenders, a properly configured firewall is essential for implementing "Default Deny" policies, where all traffic is blocked unless it is explicitly permitted. This significantly reduces the attack surface by ensuring that services like database ports are never exposed to the public internet. While a firewall is not a substitute for antivirus (Option A) or an exploit method (Option B), it is the most vital tool for regulating network access and preventing unauthorized intrusions.
NEW QUESTION # 39
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