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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Test Analyst Tasks in Risk-Based Testing | 15% | - Risk-based test prioritization and scope definition - Regression testing scope based on change impact - Product risk analysis and assessment |
| Topic 2: Test Implementation and Execution | 10% | - Designing test procedures and test cases - Executing tests and documenting results - Test data preparation and management - Defect logging and root cause analysis support |
| Topic 3: Evaluating Test Results and Reporting | 9% | - Reporting test progress and quality status - Analyzing test results and coverage - Improving test processes and defect detection - Assessing requirement and risk coverage |
| Topic 4: The Test Analyst Role in the Software Development Lifecycle | 15% | - Test analyst tasks across SDLC models - Work products and stakeholder communication - Contribution to test strategy and planning |
| Topic 5: Test Analysis and Test Design | 51% | - Black-box test techniques
|
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質問 # 18
A system will be developed to support the administration of table-tennis tournaments. The following requirements for the enrolment of entrants have been provided:
R1. High. The administrator shall be able to enter the entrant's name, address, phone number/s (mobile and/or home), email and social media handles. Validation rules for these data items are provided separately.
R2. High. The administrator shall be able to enter the entrant's current world ranking (up to 250) and their relationship with the tournament sponsors (i.e. clothing / equipment / endorsement).
R3. High. The administrator shall be able to enter the entrant's attendance history at previous events (i.e.
finalist / played / withdrew during event / withdrew before event).
R4. Medium. From the entrant's address the system shall derive whether or not the entrant lives locally and, on the basis of that combined with other rules that are provided separately, shall suggest how much of the tournament's overall prize fund should be offered to the entrant as their individual attendance fee.
R5. Low. The administrator should be able to change the suggested attendance fee and the system should then deduct this from the remaining prize fund balance accordingly.
You have been asked to review the requirements using perspective-based reading, from your viewpoint as the TA who will be writing functional correctness system test cases. Assume that the other rules referred to by requirements R1 and R4 have been reviewed and are satisfactorily testable. Which conclusion would you reach?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is A . Using perspective-based reading, the TA must review the requirements from the viewpoint of someone who must derive functional correctness test cases. CTAL-TA v4.0 states that perspective-based reading requires reviewers to attempt to use the test basis to generate the work product they would derive from it; for a tester, that means attempting to create tests and checking whether all necessary information is present.
R1 is testable because the data-entry items are listed and the validation rules are explicitly provided separately and assumed testable. R4 is also testable because the derivation and attendance-fee rules are separately provided and assumed testable. R5 is testable as a functional rule: change the suggested attendance fee, then verify that the remaining prize fund balance is reduced accordingly.
The weak requirements are R2 and R3 . R2 does not fully define the valid model for "relationship with the tournament sponsors": it is unclear whether clothing, equipment, and endorsement are mutually exclusive, whether multiple relationships may apply, or whether "no relationship" is valid. R3 is also incomplete because "attendance history at previous events" is not fully defined: it is unclear whether this is one value, multiple event records, or a history per event, and some values overlap conceptually, such as finalist and played. These gaps prevent complete functional correctness test design. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Sections
5.2.2 Applying Review Techniques and 1.2.1 Test Analysis .
質問 # 19
You are a TA in the development of a road traffic control application, which will be installed at busy road junctions, to control the operation of traffic signal lights according to sensors that detect traffic volume. This safety-critical project is still in the early stages of test planning and the project schedule is tight.
The Test Manager has asked you if crowd testing should be included in the project's test strategy. You do NOT think it should. Which limitation of crowd testing MOST influences your view?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is A . Crowd testing can provide scale, diversity of devices, and real-world variety, but its major weakness for a safety-critical road traffic control system is the variability of tester skill and therefore the variability of test quality. CTAL-TA v4.0 discusses crowd testing as a technique that may be useful in some contexts but has limitations, including variability in tester capability, control, coordination, documentation, and confidentiality. For a safety-critical system, the decisive factor is not geographical inconvenience or volume of findings; it is the need for controlled, rigorous, repeatable, competent testing against safety-relevant behavior.
Traffic signal control software must be tested using disciplined techniques, traceable test conditions, formal models, carefully selected scenarios, and controlled environments. Incorrect behavior could cause accidents, traffic conflict, or unsafe signal timing. Crowd testers are unlikely to have the necessary domain knowledge, safety-testing discipline, access to representative simulation rigs, or ability to produce the evidence expected for a safety-critical project.
Option B is a real crowd-testing limitation, but coordination overhead is not the strongest objection here.
Option C may matter, but the question gives no special confidentiality driver. Option D is relevant, but documentation burden is secondary to the unacceptable variability in testing quality. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.
0, Section 3.5.1 Crowd Testing .
質問 # 20
Your project is developing an application to generate quotes for motor insurance. The calculation requires a wide range of input data and a reliable model of it has been built in a spreadsheet. There will not be enough time to get adequate functional correctness coverage from the base choice or pairwise techniques, so you have decided to do some random testing based on a probability distribution of variable values that is weighted towards their business criticality.
Which limitation of random testing should you be MOST concerned about?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is A because the major risk in this scenario is that randomly generated input combinations may fail to represent semantically meaningful insurance situations . CTAL-TA v4.0 defines random testing as selecting test data from the input domain according to a specified probability distribution, and explicitly lists its limitations as including "neglecting data semantics" and "potentially missing defects related to data meaning." In a motor insurance quote engine, defects often arise not merely from raw value combinations, but from the business meaning of combinations: driver age, vehicle type, claims history, postcode risk, policy excess, occupation, and coverage options may interact in ways that are legally or commercially significant.
Random testing weighted by business criticality can improve sampling relevance, but it still may not deliberately target these meaningful relationships unless they are explicitly modeled.
Option B is a known limitation, but redundancy is less critical here because the distribution can be controlled and the main concern is business-rule correctness. Option C is weakened because a reliable spreadsheet model already exists and can act as an oracle. Option D is incorrect because the issue is not simply validation versus verification; CTAL-TA notes that random testing distributions can support either purpose depending on how they are chosen. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.1.3 Random Testing , under Test Analysis and Test Design .
質問 # 21
A Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system will be developed for a company that runs a chain of hotels. These are some of the requirements relating to staff in the call center.
* R1. High. An operator shall be able to find and see the details of a customer's booking. The data that may be used for the search include customer name, customer registration number (in the company's loyalty enrolment scheme) and booking reference.
* R2. High. An operator shall be able to amend a customer's booking. The data that may be amended include check-in and check-out dates, hotel, room type and tariff (with / without breakfast).
* R3. High. Before a booking amendment is accepted, the system shall display to the operator any difference in price with respect to the original booking. The operator shall confirm that the customer accepts the revised price and then the system shall record the accepted amendment.
* R4. Medium. Details of the amended booking shall be sent to the customer (see requirements for original customer booking for details).
* R5. High. Details of the extra amount payable shall be sent to the billing system for customer invoicing (see requirements for invoicing of the original customer booking for details).
You have been asked to review these requirements using this checklist:
* Specific - does each requirement deal with only a single aspect of the solution?
* Clear - is each requirement expressed in an unambiguous way with no possibility of interpretation or uncertainty about its meaning?
* Complete - does the set of requirements cover all of the stakeholders' reasonable needs?
* Unique - does each requirement address something that no other requirement also covers?
Assume that the other requirements referred to by R4 and R5 have been reviewed with a satisfactory outcome.
Considering these five requirements, to which checklist items would you answer 'No'?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is D . The two checklist items that should be answered No are Clear and Complete .
CTAL-TA v4.0 places requirements review and defect prevention under the Test Analyst's static testing responsibilities. It also identifies perspective-based reading and checklist-based review as techniques for finding defects in the test basis before test design and execution. The official sample-answer material confirms that checklist items should support detection of defects such as ambiguity, incompleteness, and inconsistency, rather than merely restating requirements.
The requirements are not fully clear because several phrases leave room for interpretation. For example, R1 says customer name may be used for searching, but it does not clarify what happens if multiple bookings match. R3 says "any difference in price" and "original booking," which may be ambiguous if multiple amendments occur. The requirements are also not fully complete because R5 only addresses an "extra amount payable." It does not cover the reasonable business case where the amendment reduces the price and a refund, credit, or billing adjustment is needed.
The requirements are broadly specific enough for this review because each requirement addresses a distinct call-center function. They are also unique because no requirement duplicates another: search, amend, price confirmation, customer notification, and billing interface are separate concerns. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Software Defect Prevention , reviews, checklist-based review, and perspective-based reading.
質問 # 22
As an experienced Test Analyst, you have been asked to collaborate in usability test sessions for a new shopping cart application. In which way would you BEST contribute to this activity?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is C because the Test Analyst's strongest contribution to usability test sessions is to help design realistic, representative scenarios that users will attempt during the session. CTAL-TA v4.0 states that usability test sessions involve future users or representatives attempting predefined tasks to determine whether those tasks can be completed effectively, efficiently, and satisfactorily. It further specifies that the Test Analyst may contribute by designing scenarios for usability sessions according to personas, user groups, or operational profiles.
For a shopping cart application, appropriate scenarios could include finding a product, adding multiple items, applying a discount code, changing quantities, selecting delivery options, abandoning and resuming a cart, and completing checkout. These scenarios expose usability barriers in the user journey rather than merely validating functional output.
Option A is too narrow: WAMMI is a questionnaire used to measure user satisfaction, and the Test Analyst may help design or evaluate questionnaires, but simply filling one out is not the best contribution. Option B incorrectly shifts the activity from user-centered usability evaluation to tester execution, and accessibility is only one aspect of usability. Option D is functional correctness testing, not usability testing. Reference:
CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 4.2 Usability Testing .
質問 # 23
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