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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Application Deployment | 20% | - Understand Deployments and how to perform rolling updates - Kustomize - Use the Helm package manager to deploy existing packages - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement common deployment strategies (e.g., blue/green or canary) |
| Topic 2: Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - ServiceAccounts - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Discover and use resources that extend Kubernetes (CRD, Operators) - ConfigMaps and Secrets - SecurityContexts - Understanding and defining resource requirements, limits and quotas |
| Topic 3: Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Debugging in Kubernetes - Understand API deprecation policies - Utilize container logs - Use built-in CLI tools to monitor Kubernetes applications - Implement probes and health checks |
| Topic 4: Services and Networking | 20% | - Demonstrate basic understanding of NetworkPolicies - Use Ingress rules to expose applications - Provide and troubleshoot access to applications via services |
| Topic 5: Application Design and Build | 20% | - Define, build and modify container images - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns (e.g., sidecar, init and others) - Choose and use the right workload resource (Deployment, DaemonSet, CronJob, etc.) |
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NEW QUESTION # 43 
Given a container that writes a log file in format A and a container that converts log files from format A to format B, create a deployment that runs both containers such that the log files from the first container are converted by the second container, emitting logs in format B.
Task:
* Create a deployment named deployment-xyz in the default namespace, that:
*Includes a primary
lfccncf/busybox:1 container, named logger-dev
*includes a sidecar Ifccncf/fluentd:v0.12 container, named adapter-zen
*Mounts a shared volume /tmp/log on both containers, which does not persist when the pod is deleted
*Instructs the logger-dev
container to run the command
which should output logs to /tmp/log/input.log in plain text format, with example values:
* The adapter-zen sidecar container should read /tmp/log/input.log and output the data to /tmp/log/output.* in Fluentd JSON format. Note that no knowledge of Fluentd is required to complete this task: all you will need to achieve this is to create the ConfigMap from the spec file provided at /opt/KDMC00102/fluentd-configma p.yaml , and mount that ConfigMap to /fluentd/etc in the adapter-zen sidecar container See the solution below.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 44
You are running a web application in a Kubernetes cluster. You have a deployment named 'web- app' with two replicas. You need to implement a Network Policy that allows only traffic from pods with the label app: database' to access the 'web-app' deployment on port 8080. You also need to block all other traffic to the 'web-app' deployment.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create the Network Policy:
- Create a YAML file named 'web-app-network-policy.yamr with the following content:
2. Apply the Network Policy: - Apply the Network Policy to your cluster: bash kubectl apply -f web-app-network-policy.yaml 3. Verify the Network Policy: - Verify that the Network Policy has been applied correctly by listing the Network Policies in your namespace: bash kubectl get networkpolicies -n default # Replace with your namespace You should see the 'web-app-network-policy' listed. 4. Test the Network Policy: - From a pod with the label 'app: database' , try to access the 'web-app' deployment on port 8080. This should be successful. - From any other pod, try to access the 'web-app' deployment on port 8080. This should be blocked. - The 'podSelector' in the Network Policy specifies that it applies to pods with the label 'app: web-app'. - The 'ingress' section defines the allowed incoming traffic. In this case, it allows traffic from pods with the label 'app: database' on port 8080. - The 'egress' section defines the allowed outgoing traffic. In this case, it allows all outgoing traffic except on port 8080. This ensures that only pods with the 'app: database' label can access the 'web-ap$ deployment on port 8080. Note: - You may need to update the 'namespace' in the Network Policy YAML file to match the namespace where your 'web-app' deployment is running. - Make sure that pods with the label 'app: database' are allowed to access the 'web-app' deployment by other means, such as Service or Ingress, if needed.,
NEW QUESTION # 45
You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00029
Task
Modify the existing Deployment named store-deployment, running in namespace grubworm, so that its containers
* run with user ID 10000 and
* have the NET_BIND_SERVICE capability added
The store-deployment 's manifest file Click to copy
/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00029
You must modify the existing Deployment store-deployment in namespace grubworm so that its containers:
* run as user ID 10000
* have Linux capability NET_BIND_SERVICE added
And you're told to use the manifest file at:
/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml (note: the filename looks misspelled; follow it exactly on the host)
1) Inspect the current Deployment and locate the manifest file
kubectl -n grubworm get deploy store-deployment
ls -l /home/candidate/daring-moccasin/
Open the manifest:
sed -n '1,200p' "/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml"
2) Edit the manifest to add SecurityContext
Edit the file:
vi "/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml"
2.1 Set Pod-level runAsUser = 10000
Under:
spec.template.spec add:
securityContext:
runAsUser: 10000
2.2 Add NET_BIND_SERVICE capability at container-level
Under the container spec (for each container in containers:), add:
securityContext:
capabilities:
add: ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"]
A complete example of what it should look like (mind indentation):
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: store-deployment
namespace: grubworm
spec:
template:
spec:
securityContext:
runAsUser: 10000
containers:
- name: store
image: someimage
securityContext:
capabilities:
add: ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"]
Important notes:
* runAsUser can be set at Pod level (applies to all containers) or per-container. Pod-level is cleanest if all containers should run as 10000.
* Capabilities must be set per-container (that's where Kubernetes supports it).
Save and exit.
3) Apply the updated manifest
kubectl apply -f "/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml"
4) Ensure the Deployment rolls out
kubectl -n grubworm rollout status deploy store-deployment
5) Verify the settings are in effect
Check the rendered pod template:
kubectl -n grubworm get deploy store-deployment -o jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.securityContext}{"\n"}' kubectl -n grubworm get deploy store-deployment -o jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].
securityContext}{"\n"}'
Verify on a running pod:
kubectl -n grubworm get pods
kubectl -n grubworm describe pod <pod-name> | sed -n '/Security Context:/,/Containers:/p' kubectl -n grubworm describe pod <pod-name> | sed -n '/Containers:/,/Conditions:/p' If there are multiple containers Repeat the container-level securityContext.capabilities.add block for each container under spec.template.spec.
containers.
NEW QUESTION # 46
You have a Kubernetes cluster with a deployment named 'myapp'. This deployment utilizes a service account named 'my-sas to access a private registry. You need to grant this service account access to pull images from the registry, which requires an image pull secret named 'my-secret How would you configure the service account to use this image pull secret and ensure your myapp' deployment can successfully pull images?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Service Account:
- If you haven't already, create a service account named 'my-sa':
- Apply this YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-sa.yaml. 2. Create an Image Pull Secret: - Create a secret containing the necessary credentials for your private registry:
- Replace with the base64 encoded contents of your Docker configuration file. You can obtain this by using 'cat ~/.docker/config.json | base64'. - Apply the YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-secret.yaml' 3. Associate the Secret with the Service Account: - Add the 'my-secret' secret to tne 'my-sa' service account:
- Apply this YAML file using ' kubectl apply -f my-sa_yamr 4. Update Deployment with Service Account - Update the deployment configuration for 'myapp' to use the 'my-sa' service account.
- Ensure that 'your-private-registry', 'your-image', and 'your-tag' match the details of your private registry image. - Apply the updated deployment configuration using 'kubectl apply -f myapp.yamr 5. Verify Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using ' kubectl get deployments myapp'. You should see the pods successfully pulling images from your private registry Important Notes: - Security Best Practices: Always use dedicated service accounts with minimal permissions. - Image Pull Secret: The 'my-secret' secret should be securely stored and managed. - Namespace: Ensure that both the service account and secret are in the same namespace as your deployment. - Registry Authentication: Ensure your private registry is configured with proper authentication for your service account credentials.,
NEW QUESTION # 47
You are working on a Kubernetes application that requires ephemeral storage. The application data needs to be stored within the pod's container and should be deleted when the pod is deleted. How can you achieve this using ephemeral storage in Kubernetes?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Deployment with an EmptyDir Volume:
- Define an 'EmptyDirs volume in tne Deployment YAML.
- Specify the volume mount path Within the container.
- Example:
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the Deployment YAML using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-deployment-yamr 3. Verify the Deployment - Check the status of the Deployment using ' kubectl get deployments my-app' - Verify that the Pod is running and using the EmptyDir volume. 4. Test Ephemeral Storage Behavior: - Write data to the Aldata' directory within the container - Delete the pod. - Create a new pod from the same Deployment. - The data written to tne "data' directory will no longer be present in the new pod, as the volume is ephemeral and is deleted when the pod is deleted.
NEW QUESTION # 48
......
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