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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Enumeration | 15% | - Enumeration Concepts
|
| Topic 2: Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks | 7% | - IoT and OT Attacks
|
| Topic 3: Sniffing and Evasion | 10% | - Network Evasion
|
| Topic 4: Cryptography and Post-Exploitation | 13% | - Post-Exploitation Techniques
|
| Topic 5: Reconnaissance Techniques | 21% | - Footprinting and Reconnaissance
|
| Topic 6: Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview | 6% | - Ethical Hacking Overview
|
| Topic 7: Cloud and Container Attacks | 10% | - Cloud Attacks and Security
|
| Topic 8: Malware Threats | 8% | - Malware and Its Types
|
| Topic 9: Web Application Attacks | 19% | - Web Application Concepts and Attacks
|
| Topic 10: Wireless Network Attacks | 9% | - Wireless Hacking Methodology
|
| Topic 11: Vulnerability Analysis | 7% | - Vulnerability Assessment Concepts
|
| Topic 12: System Hacking | 17% | - System Hacking Methodologies
|
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NEW QUESTION # 890
An ethical hacker is hired to conduct a comprehensive network scan of a large organization that strongly suspects potential intrusions into their internal systems. The hacker decides to employ a combination of scanning tools to obtain a detailed understanding of the network. Which sequence of actions would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The sequence of actions that would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status is to use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet, then use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts, and finally use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities. This sequence of actions works as follows:
* Use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet: This action is used to discover the active hosts on the network by sending ICMP echo request packets to each possible IP address on the subnet and waiting for ICMP echo reply packets from the hosts. Hping3 is a command-line tool that can craft and send custom packets, such as TCP, UDP, or ICMP, and analyze the responses. By using Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan, the hacker can quickly and efficiently identify the live hosts on the network, as well as their response times and packet loss rates12.
* Use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts: This action is used to scan the open ports and services on the active hosts by sending TCP SYN packets to a range of ports and analyzing the TCP responses. Nmap is a popular and powerful tool that can perform various types of network scans, such as port scanning, service detection, OS detection, and vulnerability scanning. By using Nmap for a SYN scan, the hacker can determine the state of the ports on the active hosts, such as open, closed, filtered, or unfiltered, as well as the services and protocols running on them. A SYN scan is also known as a stealth scan, as it does not complete the TCP three-way handshake and thus avoids logging on the target system34.
* Use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities: This action is used to exploit the vulnerabilities on the active hosts by using pre-built or custom modules that leverage the open ports and services.
Metasploit is a framework that contains a collection of tools and modules for penetration testing and exploitation. By using Metasploit, the hacker can launch various attacks on the active hosts, such as remote code execution, privilege escalation, or backdoor installation, and gain access to the target system or data. Metasploit can also be used to perform post-exploitation tasks, such as gathering information, maintaining persistence, or pivoting to other systems .
The other options are not as comprehensive as option B for the following reasons:
* A. Initiate with Nmap for a ping sweep, then use Metasploit to scan for open ports and services, and finally use Hping3 to perform remote OS fingerprinting: This option is not optimal because it does not use the tools in the most efficient and effective way. Nmap can perform a ping sweep, but it is slower and less flexible than Hping3, which can craft and send custom packets. Metasploit can scan for open ports and services, but it is more suitable for exploitation than scanning, and it relies on Nmap for port scanning anyway. Hping3 can perform remote OS fingerprinting, but it is less accurate and reliable than Nmap, which can use various techniques and probes to determine the OS type and version13 .
* C. Start with Hping3 for a UDP scan on random ports, then use Nmap for a version detection scan, and finally use Metasploit to exploit detected vulnerabilities: This option is not effective because it does not use the best scanning methods and techniques. Hping3 can perform a UDP scan, but it is slower and less reliable than a TCP scan, as UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not always generate responses. Scanning random ports is also inefficient and incomplete, as it may miss important ports or services. Nmap can perform a version detection scan, but it is more useful to perform a port scan first, as it can narrow down the scope and speed up the scan. Metasploit can exploit detected vulnerabilities, but it is not clear how the hacker can identify the vulnerabilities without performing a vulnerability scan first13 .
* D. Begin with NetScanTools Pro for a general network scan, then use Nmap for OS detection and version detection, and finally perform an SYN flooding with Hping3: This option is not comprehensive because it does not cover all the aspects and objectives of a network scan. NetScanTools Pro is a graphical tool that can perform various network tasks, such as ping, traceroute, DNS lookup, or port scan, but it is less powerful and versatile than Nmap or Hping3, which can perform more advanced and customized scans. Nmap can perform OS detection and version detection, but it is more useful to perform a port scan first, as it can provide more information and insights into the target system. Performing an SYN flooding with Hping3 is not a network scan, but a denial-of-service attack, which can disrupt the network and alert the target system, and it is not an ethical or legal action for a hired hacker13 .
References:
* 1: Hping - Wikipedia
* 2: Hping3 Examples - NetworkProGuide
* 3: Nmap - Wikipedia
* 4: Nmap Tutorial: From Discovery to Exploits - Part 1: Introduction to Nmap | HackerTarget.com
* : Metasploit Project - Wikipedia
* : Metasploit Unleashed - Offensive Security
* : NetScanTools Pro - Northwest Performance Software, Inc.
NEW QUESTION # 891
During a security assessment, a consultant investigates how the application handles requests from authenticated users. They discover that once a user logs in, the application does not verify the origin of subsequent requests. To exploit this, the consultant creates a web page containing a malicious form that submits a funds transfer request to the application. A logged-in user, believing the page is part of a promotional campaign, fills out the form and submits it. The application processes the request successfully without any reauthentication or user confirmation, completing the transaction under the victim's session.
Which session hijacking technique is being used in this scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
CEH v13 describes Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) as an attack in which an authenticated user ' s browser is tricked into submitting unauthorized actions to a trusted application without the user ' s intent.
CSRF exploits the fact that browsers automatically include stored session cookies when sending requests to a domain the user is logged into. In this scenario, the attacker creates a malicious form that triggers an unwanted funds transfer. Since the application does not validate request origin, enforce CSRF tokens, or require secondary verification, it processes the attacker ' s forged request as if it came legitimately from the victim. CEH emphasizes that CSRF differs from XSS because no malicious script executes on the target website; instead, the attacker leverages the victim's authenticated session. This is distinct from session fixation (Option A), replay attacks (Option B), and XSS (Option D). The described behavior aligns precisely with CSRF exploitation.
NEW QUESTION # 892
At Apex Financial Services in Houston, Texas, ethical hacker Javier Ruiz evaluates mobile security practices under the company ' s BYOD policy. He demonstrates that employees often install applications that request access to contact lists, cameras, and messaging services, even though these functions are unrelated to the apps
' intended purpose. This behavior allows a malicious program to harvest sensitive corporate information.
Which security guideline would most directly prevent this issue?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The issue described is excessive or inappropriate application permission granting in a BYOD environment.
Employees install apps that request access to sensitive device resources-contacts, camera, messaging- despite those permissions not being necessary for the app's stated purpose. This creates a risk of data harvesting and corporate information leakage if a malicious or overly intrusive app is installed. The most direct guideline to prevent this behavior is to review the permissions requested by apps before installing them.
Mobile operating systems rely heavily on permission models to control access to sensitive data and device capabilities. When users approve broad permissions without scrutiny, they effectively authorize the app to collect and transmit sensitive information. Enforcing a culture and policy of checking permissions (and denying or uninstalling apps that request unnecessary access) directly addresses the root cause in the scenario:
user consent enabling excessive privilege at the app level. In a corporate BYOD program, this guideline is often paired with mobile security controls such as enterprise app stores, allowlists/denylists, MDM/MAM policies, and user awareness training, but the question asks for the most direct preventive guideline.
Why the other options are less direct:
Encryption at rest (A) helps protect stored data if the device is lost or compromised, but it does not stop an authorized app from accessing data via granted permissions.
Automatic locking/biometrics (B) reduces unauthorized physical access, but it does not constrain what a permitted app can access while the device is in use.
App passwords (D) can help restrict casual access to an app, but they do not solve the problem of an app legitimately being granted invasive permissions.
Therefore, the best answer is C. Review permissions requested by apps before installing them.
NEW QUESTION # 893
You are a security analyst at Sentinel Cyber Group, monitoring the web portal of Aspen Valley Bank in Salt Lake City, Utah. During log review, you notice repeated attempts by attackers to inject malicious strings into the login fields. However, despite these attempts, the application executes queries safely without altering their logic, since user inputs are kept separate from the SQL statements and bound as fixed values before execution. Based on the observed defense mechanism, which SQL injection countermeasure is the application employing?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Keeping user inputs separate from SQL logic and binding them as fixed values before execution is the core principle of parameterized queries or prepared statements, which effectively prevent SQL injection.
NEW QUESTION # 894
The collection of potentially actionable, overt, and publicly available information is known as
Answer: B
Explanation:
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) refers to the process of collecting and analyzing information from publicly available sources. This can include social media, websites, press releases, job boards, government databases, and more.
OSINT is a crucial part of the reconnaissance phase in ethical hacking and penetration testing, where attackers or analysts gather intel without directly interacting with the target system.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Study Guide:
Module 2: Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Quote:
"OSINT is derived from public sources and includes blogs, websites, public records, and social networks. It helps attackers or analysts understand the target's digital footprint." Incorrect Options Explained:
B). "Real intelligence" is not a cybersecurity term.
C). Social intelligence refers to interpersonal awareness, not cyber reconnaissance.
D). Human intelligence (HUMINT) involves person-to-person intel, not publicly available data.
NEW QUESTION # 895
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