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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Financial Planning for Small Business | 15% | - Small Business Financial Planning
|
| Financial Planning Practice | 10% | - The Personal Financial Planning Process in Canada
|
| Insurance Planning | 10% | - Life Insurance
|
| Retirement Planning | 20% | - Retirement Income Needs Analysis
|
| Family Law | 15% | - Financial and Property Issues
|
| Investment and Tax Planning | 10% | - Investment Management
|
| Savings Planning and Debt Management | 10% | - Net Worth and Cash Management Planning
|
| Estate Planning | 10% | - Estate Distribution and Tax Planning
|
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NEW QUESTION # 57
What is a disadvantage of a corporation?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A significant estate-planning disadvantage of private corporate ownership is the potential for double taxation at the death of a shareholder.
At death, a shareholder is generally deemed to dispose of capital property, including shares of a private corporation, at fair market value immediately before death unless an available rollover applies. This can produce a capital gain on the deceased shareholder's terminal return.
A second layer of tax can subsequently arise when corporate assets are sold and the corporation's after-tax value is distributed to the estate or beneficiaries. Without appropriate post-mortem planning, tax may therefore arise once at the shareholder level on the deemed disposition of the shares and again at the corporate
/shareholder level as corporate value is extracted.
Option B is incorrect because one of the principal advantages of incorporation is limited liability, subject to guarantees, statutory liabilities, and exceptional circumstances. Option C is also incorrect because corporations are not categorically excluded from government assistance programs. Option D does not describe the principal disadvantage being tested and overstates the operation of attribution rules.
Post-mortem strategies such as loss carryback or pipeline planning may be considered to mitigate the potential double-tax exposure, depending on circumstances.
FPII reference/topic: Financial Planning for Small Business - incorporation; shareholder death; deemed disposition; post-mortem taxation and double-tax exposure.
NEW QUESTION # 58
What is the most common going-concern valuation method used to determine the value of a business?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Capitalization of earnings is the appropriate answer because a going-concern business is valued principally on its ability to generate maintainable future earnings.
Under the capitalization approach, the valuator first determines a representative or maintainable level of normalized earnings. Non-recurring items, unusual owner compensation, discretionary expenses, and other distortions may be adjusted. Those maintainable earnings are then capitalized using an appropriate capitalization rate reflecting business and financial risk. In simplified form:
Business value = Maintainable earnings ÷ Capitalization rate
CRA valuation policy recognizes earnings and asset-value approaches as principal valuation methods and notes that earnings are particularly important when valuing operating businesses. It further states that going- concern valuation is normally appropriate where a business is a continuing enterprise capable of earning a reasonable return.
Discounted cash flow is another valid income-based method, but it generally requires explicit forecasts of future cash flows and terminal value and is often used where future performance can be projected with sufficient reliability.
Adjusted book value is more asset-oriented, while liquidation value assumes assets are being realized rather than the business continuing as an operating enterprise.
FPII reference/topic: Financial Planning for Small Business - business valuation; capitalization of maintainable earnings; going-concern versus asset-based valuation.
NEW QUESTION # 59
Xavier is a high-net-worth client in the highest tax bracket. He has maximized his child's registered education savings plan, and is interested in setting up an informal trust account to supplement his child's education savings. What is the most appropriate investment vehicle for this account to minimize taxes for Xavier?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A capital-gains-oriented equity portfolio is the most tax-efficient choice among the alternatives because of the Canadian attribution rules applying to property transferred to a related minor.
Where a parent transfers money or other property directly or indirectly to a minor child, including through a trust in which the minor is beneficially interested, income from the transferred property, such as interest and dividends, is generally attributed back to the transferor. The transferor therefore reports that income at his or her own marginal tax rate. CRA's trust guidance expressly recognizes this attribution treatment for property transferred for a related minor.
Capital gains are treated differently under the ordinary minor-child attribution rule. CRA's longstanding interpretation confirms that subsection 74.1(2) does not generally attribute a subsequent capital gain on transferred property back to the transferor.
A GIC or Government of Canada bond primarily produces interest, while mature dividend-paying stocks generate dividends; both would tend to create attributed investment income for Xavier. An equity mutual fund emphasizing capital appreciation minimizes current income distributions and places more of the return in capital gains.
FPII reference/topic: Investment and Tax Planning - informal trusts; attribution rules; taxation of minors; investment income versus capital gains.
NEW QUESTION # 60
How long does an executor have to make a spousal Registered Retirement Savings Plan contribution on behalf of a deceased person?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A deceased person's legal representative cannot make a contribution to the deceased individual's own RRSP after death. However, a special rule permits the legal representative to contribute to a surviving spouse's or common-law partner's RRSP using the deceased person's available RRSP deduction room.
CRA confirms that this contribution may be made during the calendar year of death or within the first 60 days after the end of that year. The qualifying amount may then be deducted on the deceased individual's final income tax return, subject to the deceased person's available RRSP deduction limit.
For example, if an individual dies in July and has unused RRSP room, the executor does not have only 60 days from July. The relevant deadline extends through the year of death and into the first 60 days of the following calendar year.
Option A therefore applies the 60-day period from the wrong starting point. Option B ends the contribution period too early, while option D substitutes an arbitrary six-month period that is not the RRSP rule.
The strategy can be valuable because it creates a final deduction while simultaneously increasing tax-deferred retirement savings for the surviving spouse.
FPII reference/topic: Retirement Planning - RRSPs at death; spousal RRSP contributions; executor planning; final tax return.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Joshua and Marie are siblings who inherited an apartment building from their parents, which they now own jointly. They share the net profits equally, but they do not have a signed agreement. What ruling will the courts apply with respect to the existence of a partnership?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The strongest indicator in this scenario is that Joshua and Marie share the net profits, making option B the appropriate answer.
A partnership does not require a formal written partnership agreement. Canadian partnership analysis focuses on whether the parties are carrying on a business in common with a view to profit. CRA guidance, drawing on Supreme Court of Canada partnership jurisprudence, confirms that documentary evidence is relevant but the surrounding facts and actual conduct of the parties can establish the relationship.
Mere co-ownership of an asset does not automatically create a partnership. Two individuals can jointly own real estate without conducting business as partners. The important distinction is whether their activities demonstrate a common profit-making business. CRA guidance specifically distinguishes simple co-ownership from partnership and notes that sharing profits is a material partnership factor, whereas simply receiving each co-owner's portion of gross returns does not necessarily create one.
Their family relationship and non-arm's-length status also do not prevent a partnership from existing.
Accordingly, the combination of joint operation and equal sharing of net profits supports the partnership characterization.
FPII reference/topic: Financial Planning for Small Business - partnerships; creation of partnerships; co- ownership versus partnership; profit sharing.
NEW QUESTION # 62
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